Chapter 3- Plants

Question 1

Name the plant organs and their functions and locations

Answer 1

Roots- anchors the plant, takes in water and minerals and stores food (located underground)
Stem- to support the plant, transports water and nutrients from the roots to leaf and stores food (located above the roots, above ground)
Leaf- for photosynthesis (connected to the stem, above ground)
Flower- to look nice for bees to pollinate (on/ connected to the stem or leaf)
Fruit- for animals and humans to eat

Question 2

Similarities between the structure of plant and animal cells

Answer 2

• they both contain a nucleus
• they both contain a cell membrane
• they both have mitochondria
• they both have cytoplasm

Question 3

Differences between the structure of plant and animal cells

Answer 3

• plant cells have a cell wall, animal cells do not
• plant cells have chloroplasts, animal cells do not
• plant cells have a large vacuole whereas, animal cells have a small vacuole

Question 4

The structure of a leaf (top to bottom)

Answer 4

Cuticle
Upper epidermis
Palisade mesophyll
Spongy mesophyll
Veins (xylem and phloem)
Lower epidermis
Guard cells
Stomata
Cuticle

Question 5

Characteristics and function of the cuticle

Answer 5

• waxy
• waterproof
• protects the leaf

Question 6

Characteristics and function of the palisade mesophyll

Answer 6

• tightly packed
• elongated vertically
• filled with many chloroplasts and chlorophyll for photosynthesis

Question 7

Characteristics and function of the spongy mesophyll

Answer 7

• there are many air gaps for gas exchange
• stores sugar
• very little chloroplasts

Question 8

Characteristics and function of the veins

Answer 8

• transport water and minerals through the leaf

- elongated horizontally

Question 9

Characteristics and function of the stomata

Answer 9

• open and close to allow the intake of carbon dioxide and the release of oxygen