Chapter 3: Physiology If Respiration

Question 0

Basic processes of respiration & gas exchange

Answer 0

Ventilation
Distribution
Perfusion
Diffusion

Question 1

Goal of respiration

Answer 1

Oxygenation of blood

Elimination of carbon dioxide

Question 2

Ventilation

Answer 2

Actual movement of air in the conducting respiratory passage

Air in hailed per unit time

Question 3

Distribution

Answer 3

Air distributed to 300 million alveoli

Question 4

Perfusion

Answer 4

Migration of fluid through a barrier

Oxygen-poor vascular supply is per fused to six billion capillaries that supply the alveoli

Question 5

Diffusion

Answer 5

Gas exchange across the alveolar-capillary membrane

Question 6

The work of respiration

Answer 6

Respiration requires muscular effort

Is the force behind speech production

Question 7

Factors that affect respiration

Answer 7

Exercise
Age
Muscle weakness
Illness

Question 8

Types of respiration

Answer 8

Inspiration

Expiration

Question 9

Inspiration

Answer 9

Quiet & active

Question 10

Expiration

Answer 10

Passive & active

Question 11

Passive expiration

Answer 11

System is restored to a resting position after respiration

Driven by force of torque, elasticity, & gravity

Question 12

Active expiration

Answer 12

• muscular effort enhances act of expiration
• abdomen is compressed
• muscles reduce size of thorax
• rib cage is pulled out
• air is pulled out of the lungs

Question 13

Respiratory cycle

Answer 13

One inspiration & one expiration

Adults complete b/w 12 & 18 cycles of respiration per minute.

Question 14

Quiet tidal respiration

Answer 14

Quiet flow of air into & out of lungs

• involves about 500 ml of air w/ each cycle
• ind process ~6,000-8,000 of air per minute

Question 15

Minute volume

Answer 15

Air involved in one minute of respiration

Question 16

Spirometer

Answer 16

Used to measure respiration

• rate of air flow in respiration
• volume
• lung capacities
• pressures

Question 17

Tidal volume

Answer 17

Volume expired in a cycle of respiration

Question 18

Inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 18

Air inspired beyond tidal wave

Question 19

Expiratory reserve volume

Answer 19

Air expired beyond tidal volume

Question 20

Dead space air

Answer 20

Air that cannot undergo gas exchange

Question 21

Capacities

Answer 21

Refers to combined volumes that express physiological limits

Question 22

Vital capacity

Answer 22

Volume of air that can be inspired after a maximal expiration

Question 23

Functional residual capacity

Answer 23

Air that remains in the body after passive inspiration

Question 24

Inspiratory capacity

Answer 24

Volume that can be inspired from resting lung volume

Question 25

Total lung capacity

Answer 25

Sum of all lung capacities

Question 26

Pressures

Answer 26

Respiration involves the balances of pressure

Question 27

5 specific types of pressure

Answer 27

``` Alveolar pressure Intra pleural pressure Sub glottal pressure Intra oral pressure Atmospheric pressure ```

Question 28

Alveolar pressure

Answer 28

The pressure w/in the individual alveolus

Question 29

Intra pleural pressure

Answer 29

Pressure b/w the visceral & parietal pleural membranes Remains constantly negative esp. during inspiration

Question 30

Sub glottal pressure

Answer 30

Pressure below the vocal cords

Question 31

Intra oral pressure

Answer 31

Pressure measured w/in the oral cavity

Question 32

Atmospheric pressure

Answer 32

Pressure of the atmosphere generated by its weight; app 760 mm & Hg Pressures are all measured relative to atmospheric pressure

Question 33

Normal respiratory cycle

Answer 33

Inspiration takes up to 40% of cycle Expiration takes up to 60% of cycle

Question 34

Respiratory cycle during speech

Answer 34

Inspiration takes up to 10% of cycle Expiration takes up to 90% of cycle Checking action uses muscles to restrain expiration