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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 1 Basic Elements Of Anatomy > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Basic Elements Of Anatomy Flashcards

0
Q

Physiology

A

Function of a living organism & it’s components

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1
Q

Anatomy

A

Structure of an organism

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2
Q

Sub specialization of anatomy

A
  1. Applied anatomy
  2. Descriptive anatomy
  3. Pathological anatomy
  4. Gross anatomy
  5. Microscopic anatomy
  6. Developmental anatomy
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3
Q

Applied anatomy

A

Applies anatomy to diagnosing & treating

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4
Q

Descriptive anatomy

A

Relates body parts to functional systems

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5
Q

Pathological anatomy

A

Studies changes in body parts due to disease

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6
Q

Gross anatomy

A

Studies body parts without a microscope

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7
Q

Microscopic anatomy

A

Studies body parts w/ a microscope

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8
Q

Developmental anatomy

A

Studies growth & development to birth (in utero)

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9
Q

Fields related to anatomy

A 
Cystology. Neurology
Histology. Myology 
Osteology 
Arthology
Angiography
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10
Q

Cystology

A

Examines cell structure & function

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11
Q

Histology

A

Studies tissues with a microscope

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12
Q

Osteology

A

Studies bone structure & function

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13
Q

Arthology

A

Studies joints

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14
Q

Angiography

A

Studies blood vessels & lymphatic studies

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15
Q

Neurology

A

Studies the nervous system

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16
Q

Myology

A

Studies muscle structure & function

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17
Q

Parts of the body

A 
The trunk/ torso
Dorsal trunk
Pelvis
Upper/lower extremities 
Caput (head) & skull
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18
Q

The skull contains …

A

Cranial & facial portions

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19
Q

Cranial portion of the skull

A

Contains the brain & it’s components.

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20
Q

Facial portion of the skull

A

Contains the mouth, pharynx, nasal cavity, & teeth

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21
Q

Cavities of the body

A

Cranial cavity
Thoracic cavity
Pericardial cavity
Abdominal cavity

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22
Q

Cranial cavity

A

Brain & vertebral canal (spinal cord)

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23
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

Lungs & related structures

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24
Q

Pericardial cavity

A

Heart

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25
Q

Abdominal cavity

A

Digestive organs

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26
Q

Anatomical position

A

Body erect

Palms, arms, & hands face forward

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27
Q

Axis

A

The imaginary midline around which the body pivots.

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28
Q

Axial skeleton

A

Head & trunk

Spinal cord is axis

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29
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

Lower limbs

Upper limbs

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30
Q

Frontal plane

A

Divides body into front & back halves

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31
Q

Sagittarius plane

A

Divides body into right & left halves

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32
Q

Transverse plane

A

Divides body into upper & lower halves

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33
Q

Anterior/ ventral surface

A

Front of body

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34
Q

Posterior/ dorsal surface

A

Back of body

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35
Q

Superficial surface

A

Surface of body

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36
Q

Peripheral surface

A

Direction toward the surface

37
Q

Deep

A

Direction away from the surface

38
Q

Superior

A

Upper regions of body

39
Q

Inferior

A

Lower regions of body

40
Q

Prone

A

Body horizontal w/ fade down

41
Q

Supine

A

Body horizontal w/ face up

42
Q

Lateral

A

The side

43
Q

Proximal

A

Point closest to the trunk

44
Q

Distal

A

Point farthest from the trunk

45
Q

Flexion

A

Bending at a joint

46
Q

Extension

A

Straightening out a joint

47
Q

Plantar

A

Sole of the foot

48
Q

Palmer

A

Palm if the hand

49
Q

Basic tissues of the body

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nervous

50
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Covers the surface of the body & the lining of the cavities & passageways

51
Q

Role of epithelial tissue

A

Acts as a barrier against hostile agents such as infectious organisms
Prevents dehydration & fluid loss

52
Q

Connective tissue

A

Binds together & supports tissues & organs

May be a solid, liquid, or gel-like

53
Q

Types of connective tissue

A
  1. Areolar tissue
  2. Fibrous tissue
  3. Cartilage
  4. Blood
  5. Bone
54
Q

Areolar tissue

A

Adipose & lymphoid tissue

55
Q

Fibrous tissue

A

Binds structures together

56
Q

Cartilage

A

Hyaline, fibro-cartilage, yellow (elastic) cartilage

57
Q

Blood

A

Plasma & blood cells

58
Q

Bone

A

Hardest form of connective tissue

59
Q

Muscular tissue

A

Muscular tissue is contractile

60
Q

Classifications of muscular tissue

A
  1. Voluntary striated muscle(skeletal muscle)
  2. Involuntary smooth muscle
  3. Cardiac muscle
61
Q

Nervous tissue

A

-specialized for communication
-consists of neurons or nerve cells
- functions to transfer info
A. From one neuron to another
B. From neuron to muscle
C. From sensory receptors to other neural entities

62
Q

Tissue aggregates

A

Fascia
Ligaments
Tendons

63
Q

Fascia

A

Membrane that surrounds organs

64
Q

Ligaments

A

Fibrous tissue that connects bone or cartilage

65
Q

Tendons

A

Connective tissue that attaches muscle to vibe or cartilage

66
Q

Joints

A

Diarthrodial (synovial) joints
Amphiarthrodial (cartilaginous) joints
Synarthrodial (fibrous) joints

67
Q

Diarthrodial (synovial) joints

A

Highly mobile

  • joint cavities contain lubricatibg synovial fluid
  • include plane (gliding) joints, ball & socket joints & hinge joints
68
Q

Amphiarthrodial (cartilaginous) joints

A

Slightly mobile

Cartilage forms union between 2 joints

69
Q

Synarthrodial (fibrous) joints

A

Immobile
Bound by fibrous ligaments
Sutures, located between bones of the skull joints

70
Q

Types of muscles

A

Agonists
Antagonist
Synergistic

71
Q

Agonists muscle

A

Muscles that move structures

72
Q

Antagonists muscles

A

Muscles that oppose contraction of agonists

73
Q

Synergists muscle

A

Muscles that stabilize structures

74
Q

Muscle innervation

A

Muscles are innervated by a single nerve. It can be a sensory (afferent) or excitory (efferent).
A motor unit consists of -1 efferent nerve fiber -muscle fibers it innervates

75
Q

Classification of body systems

A 
Muscular. Urinary
Skeletal. Endocrine
Respiratory. Nervous
Digestive 
Reproductive
76
Q

Muscular system

A

Smooth, straight, & cardiac muscle

77
Q

Skeletal system

A

Bones & cartilage

78
Q

Respiratory system

A

Oral, nasal, pharyngeal cavities, trachea & bronchial passageways & lungs

79
Q

Digestive system

A

Oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, liver, intestines, & glands

80
Q

Reproductive system

A

Ovaries & testes

81
Q

Urinary system

A

Kidneys, ureters, bladder & urethra

82
Q

Endocrine system

A

Glands that produce hormones

83
Q

Nervous system

A

Nerve tissue & central and peripheral nervous system structures

84
Q

Systems of speech

A 
Respiratory system 
Phonatory system
Articulatory system
Nervous system
*speech requires the integrated action of all four systems
85
Q

Respiratory system for speech

A

Involves respiration

86
Q

Phonatory system for speech

A

Produces voiced sounds

87
Q

Articulatory/resonatory system for speech

A

Shapes the oral cavity for production of speech sounds

88
Q

Nervous system for speech

A

Controls processes

89
Q

Surface anatomy

A

Study of the form & structure of the surface of the body, esp. W/ reference to the organs beneath the surface.

Anatomy & Physiology (3 decks)

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