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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 1 Basic Elements Of Anatomy > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Basic Elements Of Anatomy Flashcards

0
Q

Physiology

A

Function of a living organism & it’s components

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1
Q

Anatomy

A

Structure of an organism

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2
Q

Sub specialization of anatomy

A
  1. Applied anatomy
  2. Descriptive anatomy
  3. Pathological anatomy
  4. Gross anatomy
  5. Microscopic anatomy
  6. Developmental anatomy
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3
Q

Applied anatomy

A

Applies anatomy to diagnosing & treating

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4
Q

Descriptive anatomy

A

Relates body parts to functional systems

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5
Q

Pathological anatomy

A

Studies changes in body parts due to disease

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6
Q

Gross anatomy

A

Studies body parts without a microscope

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7
Q

Microscopic anatomy

A

Studies body parts w/ a microscope

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8
Q

Developmental anatomy

A

Studies growth & development to birth (in utero)

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9
Q

Fields related to anatomy

A 
Cystology. Neurology
Histology. Myology 
Osteology 
Arthology
Angiography
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10
Q

Cystology

A

Examines cell structure & function

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11
Q

Histology

A

Studies tissues with a microscope

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12
Q

Osteology

A

Studies bone structure & function

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13
Q

Arthology

A

Studies joints

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14
Q

Angiography

A

Studies blood vessels & lymphatic studies

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15
Q

Neurology

A

Studies the nervous system

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16
Q

Myology

A

Studies muscle structure & function

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17
Q

Parts of the body

A 
The trunk/ torso
Dorsal trunk
Pelvis
Upper/lower extremities 
Caput (head) & skull
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18
Q

The skull contains …

A

Cranial & facial portions

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19
Q

Cranial portion of the skull

A

Contains the brain & it’s components.

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20
Q

Facial portion of the skull

A

Contains the mouth, pharynx, nasal cavity, & teeth

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21
Q

Cavities of the body

A

Cranial cavity
Thoracic cavity
Pericardial cavity
Abdominal cavity

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22
Q

Cranial cavity

A

Brain & vertebral canal (spinal cord)

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23
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

Lungs & related structures

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24
Pericardial cavity
Heart
25
Abdominal cavity
Digestive organs
26
Anatomical position
Body erect | Palms, arms, & hands face forward
27
Axis
The imaginary midline around which the body pivots.
28
Axial skeleton
Head & trunk | Spinal cord is axis
29
Appendicular skeleton
Lower limbs | Upper limbs
30
Frontal plane
Divides body into front & back halves
31
Sagittarius plane
Divides body into right & left halves
32
Transverse plane
Divides body into upper & lower halves
33
Anterior/ ventral surface
Front of body
34
Posterior/ dorsal surface
Back of body
35
Superficial surface
Surface of body
36
Peripheral surface
Direction toward the surface
37
Deep
Direction away from the surface
38
Superior
Upper regions of body
39
Inferior
Lower regions of body
40
Prone
Body horizontal w/ fade down
41
Supine
Body horizontal w/ face up
42
Lateral
The side
43
Proximal
Point closest to the trunk
44
Distal
Point farthest from the trunk
45
Flexion
Bending at a joint
46
Extension
Straightening out a joint
47
Plantar
Sole of the foot
48
Palmer
Palm if the hand
49
Basic tissues of the body
Epithelial Connective Muscular Nervous
50
Epithelial tissue
Covers the surface of the body & the lining of the cavities & passageways
51
Role of epithelial tissue
Acts as a barrier against hostile agents such as infectious organisms Prevents dehydration & fluid loss
52
Connective tissue
Binds together & supports tissues & organs | May be a solid, liquid, or gel-like
53
Types of connective tissue
1. Areolar tissue 2. Fibrous tissue 3. Cartilage 4. Blood 5. Bone
54
Areolar tissue
Adipose & lymphoid tissue
55
Fibrous tissue
Binds structures together
56
Cartilage
Hyaline, fibro-cartilage, yellow (elastic) cartilage
57
Blood
Plasma & blood cells
58
Bone
Hardest form of connective tissue
59
Muscular tissue
Muscular tissue is contractile
60
Classifications of muscular tissue
1. Voluntary striated muscle(skeletal muscle) 2. Involuntary smooth muscle 3. Cardiac muscle
61
Nervous tissue
-specialized for communication -consists of neurons or nerve cells - functions to transfer info A. From one neuron to another B. From neuron to muscle C. From sensory receptors to other neural entities
62
Tissue aggregates
Fascia Ligaments Tendons
63
Fascia
Membrane that surrounds organs
64
Ligaments
Fibrous tissue that connects bone or cartilage
65
Tendons
Connective tissue that attaches muscle to vibe or cartilage
66
Joints
Diarthrodial (synovial) joints Amphiarthrodial (cartilaginous) joints Synarthrodial (fibrous) joints
67
Diarthrodial (synovial) joints
Highly mobile - joint cavities contain lubricatibg synovial fluid - include plane (gliding) joints, ball & socket joints & hinge joints
68
Amphiarthrodial (cartilaginous) joints
Slightly mobile | Cartilage forms union between 2 joints
69
Synarthrodial (fibrous) joints
Immobile Bound by fibrous ligaments Sutures, located between bones of the skull joints
70
Types of muscles
Agonists Antagonist Synergistic
71
Agonists muscle
Muscles that move structures
72
Antagonists muscles
Muscles that oppose contraction of agonists
73
Synergists muscle
Muscles that stabilize structures
74
Muscle innervation
Muscles are innervated by a single nerve. It can be a sensory (afferent) or excitory (efferent). A motor unit consists of -1 efferent nerve fiber -muscle fibers it innervates
75
Classification of body systems
``` Muscular. Urinary Skeletal. Endocrine Respiratory. Nervous Digestive Reproductive ```
76
Muscular system
Smooth, straight, & cardiac muscle
77
Skeletal system
Bones & cartilage
78
Respiratory system
Oral, nasal, pharyngeal cavities, trachea & bronchial passageways & lungs
79
Digestive system
Oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, liver, intestines, & glands
80
Reproductive system
Ovaries & testes
81
Urinary system
Kidneys, ureters, bladder & urethra
82
Endocrine system
Glands that produce hormones
83
Nervous system
Nerve tissue & central and peripheral nervous system structures
84
Systems of speech
``` Respiratory system Phonatory system Articulatory system Nervous system *speech requires the integrated action of all four systems ```
85
Respiratory system for speech
Involves respiration
86
Phonatory system for speech
Produces voiced sounds
87
Articulatory/resonatory system for speech
Shapes the oral cavity for production of speech sounds
88
Nervous system for speech
Controls processes
89
Surface anatomy
Study of the form & structure of the surface of the body, esp. W/ reference to the organs beneath the surface.

Anatomy & Physiology (3 decks)

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