Chapter 3: Perception And Mental Imagery

Question 1

Perception

Answer 1

Is a series of cognitive processes that helps us recognise, organise, and intepret the sensory input from our surroundings

Question 2

Blind Spot

Answer 2

In our vision, the retina’s blind spot (where there are no photoreceptors) is filled in by our minds

Question 3

Amodal Completion

Answer 3

When the brain fills up missing information

Question 4

Bottom Up Information

Answer 4

Sensory information coming from the sensory receptors to the brain

Question 5

Top down information

Answer 5

Knowledge and past experience that helps the brain interpret the sensory information (helps with object recognition)
- context shapes perception
- experience shapes perception

Question 6

Predictive coding

Answer 6

Predicts what input the eyes are about to see, which guides to most likely interpretation. Context helps with prediction.

Question 7

Object segmentation

Answer 7

Separating objects from foreground and background

Question 8

Camouflage

Answer 8

Animal’s camouflage take advantage of clear boundaries between object. Predators cannot do object segmentation.

Question 9

Figure - Ground Organisation

Answer 9

The process of distinguishing an object from its background when there are no clear boundaries between them.

Question 10

Monocular depth cues

Answer 10

Texture gradients (clothes fibre texture up close); relative size; interposition; linear perspective (parallel lines converge in distance); motion perspective(farther things move slowly); aerial perspective (farther things are blurry)

Question 11

Binocular depth cues

Answer 11

1. Binocular convergence: when eyes turn inward when viewing something close or moving towards you
2. Binocular disparity: each eye views the object at a different angle. The brain uses this to create a 3D image.

Question 12

Object recognition - agnosia (apperceptive)

Answer 12

Cannot perform even the simplest visual feature task

Question 13

Object recognition - view based approaches

Answer 13

Matches images to templates (mental representations)

Question 14

Object recognition- structural descriptions

Answer 14

Models that describes objects as 3d parts, arranged in a specific way

Question 15

Mental imagery

Answer 15

Creating a mental picture without mental input

Question 16

Sensation

Answer 16

The detection of sensory signal

Question 17

Agnosia

Answer 17

When you cant recognise objects and match them to correct categories and labels

Question 18

Associative agnosia

Answer 18

Cannot name or categorise the objects

Question 19

Aphantastia

Answer 19

Inability to visualise image in the mind

Question 20

Mental rotation

Answer 20

Ability to compare and recognise objects even when they are rotated