Chapter 3 - Perception Flashcards
Constructivism
A theory that states that we organize and interpret experience by applying cognitive structures
Cognitive schemata/schemata
Applying cognitive structures
Prototypes
Knowledge structures that define the clearest or ideal examples of some category
Personal construct
Mental yardstick that allows us to measure a person or situation along a bipolar dimension of judgment
Stereotype
A predictive generalization about a person or situation
Script
A sequence of activities that spells out how we and others are expected to act In a specific situation
Interpretation
Subjective process of creating explanations for what we observe and experience
Attribution
The act of explaining why something happens or why a person acts a particular way
Self-serving bias
Construct attributions that serve our personal interests
Positive visualization
A technique used to enhance success in a variety of situations by teaching people to visualize themselves positively
Cognitive complexity
The number of personal constructs used
Person centeredness
The ability to perceive another as a unique individual
Empathy
The ability to feel with another person
Culture
Consist of beliefs values understandings practices and ways of interpreting experience that a number of people share
Social community
Group of people who are part of an overall society but also distinct from the overall society in that they hold values understandings and practices that are not shared by people outside the group
