Chapter 3 Part 2

Question 1

______ transport uses ATP to move solutes across a membrane and requires carrier proteins.

Answer 1

Active transport

Question 2

In active transport, ______ is when two substances are moved across a membrane in the SAME direction.

Answer 2

symport system

Question 3

In active transport, ______ is when two substances are moved across a membrane in OPPOSITE directions.

Answer 3

antiport system

Question 4

_____ is when the hydrolysis of ATP phosphorylates the transport protein causing conformational change.

Answer 4

Primary active transport

Question 5

_____ is use of an exchange pump (such as the NA+ - K- pump) indirectly to drive the transport of other solutes.

Answer 5

Secondary active transport

Question 6

_____ is the transport of large particles and macromolecules across plasma membranes.

Answer 6

Vesicular transport

Question 7

In vesicular transport, ______ moves substances from the cell interior to the extracellular space.

Answer 7

exocytosis

Question 8

In vesicular transport, ______ enables large particles and macromolecules to enter the cell.

Answer 8

endocytosis

Question 9

In vesicular transport, ______ is when substances move into, across, and then out of the cell.

Answer 9

transcytosis

Question 10

In vesicular transport, ______ moves substances from one area in the cell to another.

Answer 10

vesicular trafficking

Question 11

______ is when pseudopods engulf solids and bring them into the cell’s interior.

Answer 11

Phagocytosis

Question 12

In vesicular transport, ______ is when the plasma membrane infolds, bringing extracellular fluid and solutes into the interior of the cell.

Answer 12

fluid-phase endocytosis

Question 13

In vesicular transport, ______ is when clathrin-coated pits provide the main route for endocytosis and transcytosis.

Answer 13

receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 14

______ is the range for resting membrane potential, the point where K+ potential is balanced by the membrane potential.

Answer 14

-20 to -200 mV (millivolts

Question 15

What anchor cells to the extracellular matrix, assist in movement of cells past one another, and rally protective white blood cells to injured or infected areas?

Answer 15

cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)

Question 16

______ is the material between the plasma membrane and the nucleus.

Answer 16

Cytoplasm

Question 17

______ is largely water with dissolved protein, salts, sugars, and other solutes.

Answer 17

Cytosol

Question 18

______ are the metabolic machinery of the cell.

Answer 18

Cytoplasmic organelles

Question 19

What is the double membrane structure with shelflike cristae, provide most of the cells ATP via aerobic cellular respiration, and contain their own DNA and RNA?

Answer 19

mitochondria

Question 20

Where is the actual site of protein synthesis?

Answer 20

ribosomes

Question 21

The ______ houses the DNA and RNA.

Answer 21

Nucleus

Question 22

The ______ plays a role in the synthesis of steroid-based hormones and proteins.

Answer 22

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 23

______ are dense spherical bodies in the nucleus that are the synthesis site for ribosomal RNA.

Answer 23

Nucleoli

Question 24

______ are hollow cytoskeletal elements that act as organizers for the cytoskeleton.

Answer 24

Microtubules

Question 25

Forms part of the protein synthesis site in the cytoplasm.
A.) Ribosomal RNA 
B.) ATP
C.) Transfer RNA
D.) Messenger RNA
E.) Synthetase enzymes

Answer 25

A.) Ribosomal RNA

Question 26

Act as "interpreter" molecules that recognize specific amino acids and nucleotide base sequences.
A.) Ribosomal RNA 
B.) ATP
C.) Transfer RNA
D.) Messenger RNA
E.) Synthetase enzymes

Answer 26

C.) Transfer RNA

Question 27

Attaches the correct amino acid to its transfer RNA.
A.) Ribosomal RNA 
B.) ATP
C.) Transfer RNA
D.) Messenger RNA
E.) Synthetase enzymes

Answer 27

E.) Synthetase enzymes

Question 28

Provides energy needed for synthesis reactions.
A.) Ribosomal RNA 
B.) ATP
C.) Transfer RNA
D.) Messenger RNA
E.) Synthetase enzymes

Answer 28

B.) ATP

Question 29

Produced in the nucleus, this molecule specifies the exact sequence of amino acids of the protein to be made.
A.) Ribosomal RNA 
B.) ATP
C.) Transfer RNA
D.) Messenger RNA
E.) Synthetase enzymes

Answer 29

D.) Messenger RNA

Question 30

May be attached to the ER or scattered in the cytoplasm.
A.) Ribosomal RNA 
B.) ATP
C.) Transfer RNA
D.) Messenger RNA
E.) Synthetase enzymes

Answer 30

A.) Ribosomal RNA