Chapter 3 Part 1

Question 1

Catabolic Reactions

Answer 1

Go from having one product to breaking them down into two

Question 2

Anabolic Reactions

Answer 2

Goes from having two products and combining them into one

Question 3

Morphologic Reactions

Answer 3

Energy state may change, resulting in a shape change

Question 4

Kinetic Energy

Answer 4

The energy of motion

Question 5

How is low KE made?

Answer 5

Moves at a slow rate. Lower forces with Lower Pressures

Question 6

How is high KE made?

Answer 6

Higher forces against wall and high pressures as well.

Question 7

Potential Energy

Answer 7

Energy of storage, stored energy.

Question 8

Examples of Potential Energy

Answer 8

Pulling rubber band and keeping it stretched. Glucose, Chemical Bonds.

Question 9

Rock Example; what happens when a rock is pushed up hill?

Answer 9

As a rock is pushed uphill, work is performed and the potential energy of the rock increases

Question 10

Rock Example: What happens when a rock is pushed down a hill?

Answer 10

As the rock rolls downhill, potential energy is converted into kinetic energy

Question 11

Activation Energy

Answer 11

To activate, they need to be moving and need enough energy to reach activation energy. Bonds are broken and release energy. If AE not reached, no activation occurs

Question 12

Can a reaction be reversed?

Answer 12

Once a product is made, it can become a reactant. Can thus be reversed to its original form.

Question 13

Reaction Rate

Answer 13

The speed at which we make products from reactants.

Question 14

The effect of KE on a reaction rate?

Answer 14

By giving more force, it increases the probability that they’ll find each other. Low KE = Low Reaction Rate

Question 15

The effect of concentrations on reaction rate?

Answer 15

An increase in the reactants means an increase in reaction rate. Theres a higher chance to run into each other and hit AE.

Question 16

Catalysts

Answer 16

DO not change AE. Assist and provide some energy themselves.

Question 17

Important Characteristics of Catalysts (1)

Answer 17

Lower the energy needed from reactants; Lend a hand to help reach AE quicker

Question 18

Important Characteristics of Catalysts (2)

Answer 18

Speed up reaction rates

Question 19

Important Characteristics of Catalysts (3)

Answer 19

Doesn’t change the overall reaction (Some reactants –> Some Products)

Question 20

Important Characteristics of Catalysts (4)

Answer 20

Can be used multiple times!

Question 21

The predominant catalysts in physiology are ___

Answer 21

enzymes

Question 22

Enzyme Composition and Naming?

Answer 22

Most enzymes are proteins. Most end with suffix -ase and many are named after what they do.

Question 23

Enzyme Pieces and the puzzle

Answer 23

They’re active sites on the enzyme where reactants need to perfectly fit into.

Question 24

Enzyme Mechanism

Answer 24

Enzymes need KE to form the proper shape in order to bond. The Enzymes then are bounded and react and create one uniform product.

Question 25

Important Enzyme-Reactant Consideration (Specificity)

Answer 25

The slots are very specific because only one guy can actually fit in there.

Question 26

Important Enzyme-Reactant Consideration (Saturation)

Answer 26

Saturation point is reached when they’re more reactants than enzymes.

Question 27

Which reaction is the limiting factor?

Answer 27

Whatever is less present.

Question 28

What makes an endurance athlete?

Answer 28

The ability to make ATP

Question 29

Explain the reaction rate plateau observed when the number of enzymes is constant

Answer 29

Too many reactants

Question 30

What could increase the reaction rate

Answer 30

Never slow down, just plateau (at highest point). You could add more enzymes as well. Temperature increase would inhibit enzyme.

Question 31

Important Enzyme-Reactant Consideration (Competition)

Answer 31

Whichever reactant gets there first gets catalyzed first. The other one has to wait. Reactant A rate decreases with Reactant B getting catalyzed first

Question 32

Why does the reaction rate for reactant A decrease when reactant B is present?

Answer 32

Competition for the binding site. Limited number of binding sites with more customers

Question 33

Enzyme Regulation - Cofactors

Answer 33

Most enzymes wont function without cofactors. They activate binding site. Examples are minerals like metallic ions that attach and activate binding site

Question 34

Enzyme Regulation - Coenzmes

Answer 34

Transport reactants to the enzyme (“taxis”) and active binding sites. These would be vitamins.

Question 35

Enzyme Regulation - Feedbakc Inhibition

Answer 35

Used to maintain set points using Feedback Inhibition. Products inhibit enzyme activity. Example is ATP Production

Question 36

Physiological Factors That Affect Enzyme Activity (Temperature)

Answer 36

High temperature = Danger, quick to reach a critical state. Once you get above 98.6 degrees, enzymes begin to start denaturing. Enzymes do not denature in cold temperatures however.

Question 37

Physiological Factors That Affect Enzyme Activity (pH)

Answer 37

Enzymes are very sensitive to pH. No enzyme that can function in all environments. Stomach enzymes can only function in the stomach.