Chapter 3) Overview Of Diseases Of The Perioduntium

Question 1

Disease progression

Answer 1

Is the sequence of events that occur during the development of a disease or abnormal condition.

Question 2

Gingivitis

Answer 2

Is a type of periodontal disease characterized by changes in the color, contour and consistency of the gingival tissues.

Question 3

Reversible tissue damage

Answer 3

With good patient, self care of the body can repair the damage of gingivitis.

Question 4

Periodontitis

Answer 4

Is a type of periodontal disease that is characterized by the
1) apical migration of the junctional epithelium 2) loss of the connective tissue attachment and 3) loss of alveolar bone.

Question 5

Irreversible tissue damage

Answer 5

When the tissue damage of periodontitis is permanent

Question 6

Apical migration of the junctional epithelium

Answer 6

Movement of the junctional epithelium apical to its normal location.

Question 7

Inflammation

Answer 7

Is the body’s response to injury or invasion by disease-producing organisms.

Question 8

Alveolar bone loss

Answer 8

Is the resorption of alveolar bone as a result of periodontitis.

Question 9

Horizontal bone loss

Answer 9

Is the most common pattern of bone loss.
This type of bone loss results in a fairly even, overall reduction in the height of the alveolar bone. The alveolar bone is reduced in height, but the margin of the alveolar crest remains more or less perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth.

Question 10

Vertical bone loss

Answer 10

Is a less common pattern of bone loss. Vertical bone loss is also known as angular bone loss. This type of bone loss results in an uneven reduction in the height of the alveolar bone. In vertical bone loss, the resorption progresses more rapidly in the bone next to the root surface. This uneven pattern of bone loss leaves of trench-like area of missing bone along side the root.

Question 11

Osseous defect

Answer 11

Any imperfection or absence of boney structures it could be caused by various conditions that lead to bone loss, especially in the hip or the alveolar bone around the teeth.

Question 12

Infrabony defects

Answer 12

Results when bone resorption occurs in an uneven oblique direction.

Question 13

Osseous crater

Answer 13

Is a bowl-shaped defect in the interdental alveolar bone with bone loss nearly equal on the roots of two adjacent teeth.

Question 14

Furcation involvement

Answer 14

Occurs on a multirooted tooth, when periodontal infection invades the area between and around the roots, resulting in a loss of alveolar bone between the roots of the teeth.

Question 15

Attachment loss

Answer 15

Is the destruction of the fibres and bone that support the teeth.

Question 16

Disease site

Answer 16

Is an area of tissue destruction.
a disease site may involve only a single surface of a tooth, for example, the distal surface of a tooth. The disease site may involve several surfaces of the tooth or all four surfaces (mesial, distal facial, and lingual.)

Question 17

Inactive disease site

Answer 17

A disease site that is stable, with the attachment level of the junctional epithelium remaining the same over time.

Question 18

Active disease site

Answer 18

A disease site that shows continued apical migration of the junctional epithelium over time.

Question 19

Gingival pocket

Answer 19

Is a deepening of the gingival sulcus as a result of swelling or enlargement of the gingival tissue.

Question 20

Periodontal pocket

Answer 20

Is a pathologic deepening of the gingival sulcus. pocket formation occurs as the result of the 1) apical migration of the junctional epithelium 2) destruction of the periodontal ligament fibres and 3) the destruction of alveolar bone.

Question 21

Suprabony pocket

Answer 21

Occurs when there is horizontal bone loss the junctional epithelium, forming the base of the pocket, is located Coronal to (above) the crest of the alveolar bone.

Question 22

Infrabony pocket

Answer 22

Occur when there is vertical bone loss, the junctional epithelium, forming the base of the pocket, is located apical to (below) the crest of the alveolar bone. The base of the pocket is located within the cratered-out area of the bone along side of the root surface.

Question 23

Intermittent disease progression theory

Answer 23

1) tissue destruction is sporadic, with short periods of tissue destruction, alternating with periods of disease inactivity (no tissue destruction). The period of an activity with no disease progression me last four months or for a much longer period of time.

2) tissue destruction progresses at different rates throughout the mouth. Destruction does not occur in all parts of the mouth at the same time. Instead, tissue destruction occurs in only a few specific sites (tooth surfaces) at a time.

3) in the majority of cases, untreated, gingivitis, does not progressed to periodontitis.

4) different forms of periodontititis may progress at wildly different rates.

5) susceptibility to periodontitis varies greatly from individual to individual, and appears to be determined by the host response to periodontal pathogens

Question 24

Epidemiology

Answer 24

Is the study of the health and disease within the total population (rather than an individual) and the behavioral, environmental, and genetic risk factors that influence health and disease.

Question 25

Incidence

Answer 25

Is the number of new disease cases in a population that occur over a given period of time.

Question 26

Prevalence

Answer 26

Refers to the number of all cases (both old and new) of a disease that can be identified within a specified population at a given point in time.

Question 27

National health and nutrition, examination survey (NHANES)

Answer 27

Is a program of studies to assess the health, a nutritional status of adults and children in the United States.

Question 28

Centres for disease, control, and prevention (CDC)

Answer 28

Providing guidance and standardized methods for public health, surveillance of dental caries for many years.