Chapter 2) Microscopic Anatomy Of The Periodontium

Question 1

Histology

Answer 1

Is a branch of anatomy concerned with the study of the microscopic features of tissues.

Question 2

Tissue

Answer 2

A group of interconnected cells that perform a similar function within an organism.

Question 3

Cells

Answer 3

Are the smallest structural unit of living matter capable of functioning independently.

Question 4

Extracellular matrix

Answer 4

Mesh-like material that surrounds the cells.
This material helps to hold cells together and provides a framework within which cells can migrate and interact with one another.

Question 5

Epithelial tissue

Answer 5

The tissue that makes up the outer surface of the body (skin or epidermis) and lines, the body cavities, such as the mouth, stomach and intestines (mucosa).

Question 6

Stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 6

A type of epithelium that is compromised of flat cells are arranged in several layers.

Question 7

Basal lamina

Answer 7

A thin mat of extracellular matrix secreted by the epithelial cells. This basal lamina mat supports the epithelium (somewhat like the scaffolding of a building.)

Question 8

Keratinization

Answer 8

The process by which epithelial cells on the surface of the skin, become stronger and waterproof.

Question 9

Keratinized, epithelial cells

Answer 9

Have no nuclei and form a tough, resistant layer on the surface of the skin.

Question 10

Nonkeratinized, epithelial cells

Answer 10

Have nuclei an act as a cushion against mechanical stress and wear. nonkeratinized epithelial cells are softer and more flexible.

Found in areas such as the mucosal lining of the cheeks: permitting the mobility needed to speak, chew, and make facial expressions.

Question 11

Connective tissue

Answer 11

Fills the space is between the tissues and organs in the body. It supports and binds other tissues. Connective tissue consists of cells, separated by abundant extracellular substance.

Question 12

Epithelial-connective tissue interface

Answer 12

Is the boundary where the epithelial and connective tissues meet.

Question 13

Basement membrane

Answer 13

I thin layer of tissue visible with a light microscope beneath the epithelium. The basement membrane is formed by the combination of a basal lamina and a reticular lamina.

Question 14

Epithelial ridges

Answer 14

Deep extensions of epithelium that reach down into the connective tissue, the epithelial ridges are also known as rete pegs.

Question 15

Connective tissue papillae

Answer 15

Finger-like extensions of connective tissue that project up an interlock with the epithelium.

Question 16

Cell junctions

Answer 16

Are cellular structures that mechanically attach a cell and its cytoskeleton to its neighbouring cell or to the basal lamina.

Question 17

Desmosome

Answer 17

A specialized cell junction that connects to neighbouring epithelial cells and their cytoskeleton’s together

Question 18

Hemidesmosome

Answer 18

A specialized cell junction that connects the epithelial cells to the basal lamina

Question 19

Gingival epithelium

Answer 19

Is a specialized stratified squamous epithelium that functions well in the wet environment of the oral cavity.

Question 20

Oral epithelium

Answer 20

Epithelium that faces the oral cavity

Question 21

Sulcular epithelium

Answer 21

Epithelium that faces the tooth surface without being in contact with the tooth surface

Question 22

Junctional epithelium

Answer 22

Epithelium that attaches the gingiva to the tooth

Question 23

Keratinized

Answer 23

A tough fibrous structural protein that occurs in the outer layer of the skin and the oral epithelium.

Question 24

Parakeratinized

Answer 24

(Partially) a tough fibrous structural protein that occurs in the outer layer of the skin and the oral epithelium.

Question 25

Keratin

Answer 25

Is a tough fibrous structural protein that occurs in the outer layer of the skin in the oral epithelium.

Question 26

Gingival crevicular fluid

Answer 26

A serum-like fluid that is composed of serum and locally generated material such as tissue breakdown products, inflammatory, mediators, and anybody’s directed against dental plaque bacteria.

Question 27

Internal basal lamina

Answer 27

Is thin basal lamina between the junctional epithelium in the tooth surface.

Question 28

External basal lamina

Answer 28

Is thin basal lamina between the junctional epithelium, and the gingival connective tissue.

Question 29

Collagen fibres

Answer 29

Form a dense network of strong rope, like cables that secure and hold the gingival connective tissues together.

Question 30

Supragingival, fibre bundles

Answer 30

A network of rope-like collagen, fibre bundles in the gingival connective tissue.
these fibres are located Coronal to (above) the crest of the alveolar bone.

Question 31

Dentogingival unit

Answer 31

The junctional epithelium in the gingival fibres are referred to as dentogingival unit. The dentogingival unit acts to provide structural support to the gingival tissue.

Question 32

Periosteum

Answer 32

A dense membrane composed of fibrous connective tissue, that closely wraps the outer surface of the alveolar bone.

Question 33

Periodontal ligament

Answer 33

Is a thin sheet of fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the roots of the teeth and joins the root cementum with the socket wall.

Question 34

Fibre bundles of the PDL

Answer 34

Are a specialized connective tissue that surrounds the root of the tooth and connect it to the alveolar bone. These fibres are the largest component of the PDL.

Question 35

Cementum proteins (CEMP1)

Answer 35

Is a tissue-specific protein for cementum.
This protein is only expressed by cementoblasts, their progenitors and by periodontal ligament-derived cells.

Question 36

OMG (overlap, meat, gap.)

Answer 36

1) overlap- the cementum overlaps the enamel for a short distance
2) Meet- the cementum meets the enamel.
3) Gap- there is a small gap between the cementum an enamel (exposing the Dentin in this area.) 

Question 37

Alveolar process

Answer 37

Is the part of the maxilla and mandible that forms, and supports the sockets of the teeth.

Question 38

Bone remodelling

Answer 38

When the alveolar bone constantly undergoes periods of bone formation and resorption (loss) in response to Mechanical forces on the tooth and inflammation of the periodontium.