Chapter 3: Organizational Culture, Structure, & Design

Question 1

The set of shared, taken-for-granted implicit assumptions that a group holds and that determines how it perceives, thinks about, and reacts to its various environments.

Answer 1

Organizational Culture

Question 2

A formal system of task and reporting relationships that coordinates and motivates an organization’s members so that they can work together to achieve the organization’s goals.

Answer 2

Organizational Structure

Question 3

Type of organizational culture that has an internal focus, prefers flexibility over stability, and features collaboration among employees.

Answer 3

Clan Culture

Question 4

Type of organizational culture that has an external focus, values flexibility, and is adaptive, creative, and quick to respond to changes in the marketplace.

Answer 4

Adhocracy Culture

Question 5

Type of organizational culture that is focused on the external environment, values stability and control, and is driven by competition and a strong desire to deliver results.

Answer 5

Market Culture

Question 6

Type of organizational culture that has an internal focus, values stability and control over flexibility, and has a formalized, structured work environment.

Answer 6

Hierarchy Culture

Question 7

An object, act, quality, or even that conveys meaning to others.

Answer 7

Symbol

Question 8

A narrative based on true events repeated - and sometimes embellished upon - to emphasize a particular value.

Answer 8

Story

Question 9

A person whose accomplishments embody the values of the organization.

Answer 9

Hero

Question 10

Activities and ceremonies that celebrate important occasions and accomplishments.

Answer 10

Rites and Rituals

Question 11

The process by which people learn the values, norms, and required behaviors of an organization.

Answer 11

Organizational Socialization

Question 12

Reflects the extent to which your personality and values match the climate and culture in an organization.

Answer 12

Person-Organization Fit

Question 13

Element of Organizations proposed by Edgar Schein; gives everyone an understanding of the organizataion’s reason for being.

Answer 13

Common Purpose

Question 14

Element of Organizations proposed by Edgar Schein; the coordination of individual effort into group-wide effort.

Answer 14

Coordinated Effort

Question 15

Element of Organizations proposed by Edgar Schein; having discrete parts of a task done by different people.

Answer 15

Division of Labor

Question 16

Element of Organizations; the number of people reporting directly to a given manager.

Answer 16

Span of Control

Question 17

Element of Organizations; accountability, responsibility, and delegation; line versus staff positions.

Answer 17

Authority

Question 18

Element of Organizations; who makes decisions; upper management or middle.

Answer 18

Centralized versus Decentralized Authority

Question 19

Type of organizational structure in which authority is centralized in a single person with few rules and low work specialization.

Answer 19

Simple Structure

Question 20

Type of organizational structure in which people with similar occupational specialties are put together in formal groups.

Answer 20

Functional Structure

Question 21

Type of organizational structure in which people with diverse occupational specialties are put together in formal groups by similar products, customers, or geographic regions.

Answer 21

Divisional Structure

Question 22

Type of organizational structure which combines functional and divisional chains of command in a grid so that there are two command structures: vertical and horizontal.

Answer 22

Matrix Structure

Question 23

Organizational structure in which teams or workgroups, either temporary or permanent, are used to improve collaboration and work on shared tasks by breaking down internal boundaries.

Answer 23

Horizontal Design

Question 24

Type of organizational structure in which the organization has a central core of key functions and outsources other functions to vendors who can do them cheaper or faster.

Answer 24

Hollow Structure

Question 25

Organization whose members are geographically distant, usually working via email, collaborative computing, and other computer connections.

Answer 25

Virtual Organization

Question 26

Company outside a company that is created “specifically to respond to an exceptional market opportunity” that is often temporary.

Answer 26

Virtual Structure

Question 27

The process of fitting the organization to its environment.

Answer 27

Contingency Design

Question 28

Tendency of the parts of an organization to disperse and fragment.

Answer 28

Differentiation

Question 29

Tendency of the parts of an organization to draw together to achieve a common purpose.

Answer 29

Integration