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Bio 12 > Chapter 3 Organelles > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Organelles Flashcards

1
Q

Cell Wall

  • composition
  • function
  • Eukaryotic Plant Cells
  • Eukaryotic Animal Cells
  • Prokaryotic Bacteria Cells
A

Name: Cell Wall
Composition: Contains (cellulose) fibrils
Function: Support and protection
Plant Cells (Eukaryotic Cells): Yes; made up of cellulose (carbohydrate)
Animal Cells (Eukaryotic Cells): No
Bacteria Cells (Prokaryotic Cells):Yes; made up of peptideoglycan (protein-sugar)

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2
Q

Cell/Plasma Membrane

  • composition
  • function
  • Eukaryotic Plant Cells
  • Eukaryotic Animal Cells
  • Prokaryotic Bacteria Cells
A

Name: Cell/Plasma Membrane
Composition: Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
Function: Defines cell boundary; regulation of molecule passage in and out of cell
Plant Cells (Eukaryotic Cells): Yes
Animal Cells (Eukaryotic Cells): Yes
Bacteria Cells (Prokaryotic Cells): Yes

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3
Q

Nuclear Envelope

  • composition
  • function
  • Eukaryotic Plant Cells
  • Eukaryotic Animal Cells
  • Prokaryotic Bacteria Cells
A

Name: Nuclear Envelope
Composition: Filaments called the Nuclear Lamina, has nuclear pores.
Function: Surrounds the nucleus and fuses to form selectively permeable pores
Plant Cells (Eukaryotic Cells): Yes
Animal Cells (Eukaryotic Cells): Yes
Bacteria Cells (Prokaryotic Cells): No

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4
Q

Nucleolus

  • composition
  • function
  • Eukaryotic Plant Cells
  • Eukaryotic Animal Cells
  • Prokaryotic Bacteria Cells
A

Name: Nucleolus
Composition: Concentrated area of chromatin, RNA and proteins
Function: Ribosomal subunit formation
Plant Cells (Eukaryotic Cells): Yes
Animal Cells (Eukaryotic Cells): Yes
Bacteria Cells (Prokaryotic Cells): No, but has a Nuclear Region where DNA is found as chromosomes

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5
Q

Mitochondria

  • composition
  • function
  • Eukaryotic Plant Cells
  • Eukaryotic Animal Cells
  • Prokaryotic Bacteria Cells
A

Name: Mitochondria
Composition: Inner membrane (cristae) bounded by an outer membrane. Inner fluid called the matrix.
Function: Cellular Respiration
Plant Cells (Eukaryotic Cells): Yes
Animal Cells (Eukaryotic Cells): Yes; more numerous
Bacteria Cells (Prokaryotic Cells):No

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6
Q

Chloroplasts

  • composition
  • function
  • Eukaryotic Plant Cells
  • Eukaryotic Animal Cells
  • Prokaryotic Bacteria Cells
A 
Name: Chloroplasts
Composition: Membranous grana bounded by two membranes. Inner fluid-filled space called the Stroma. 
Function: Photosynthesis 
Plant Cells (Eukaryotic Cells): Yes
Animal Cells (Eukaryotic Cells): No
Bacteria Cells (Prokaryotic Cells): No
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7
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

  • composition
  • function
  • Eukaryotic Plant Cells
  • Eukaryotic Animal Cells
  • Prokaryotic Bacteria Cells
A 
Name: Endoplasmic Reticulum
Composition: Membranous flattened channels and tubular canals
Function: Synthesis and/or modification of proteins and other substances, and distribution by vesicle formation
Plant Cells (Eukaryotic Cells): Yes
Animal Cells (Eukaryotic Cells): Yes
Bacteria Cells (Prokaryotic Cells): No
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8
Q

Ribosomes

  • composition
  • function
  • Eukaryotic Plant Cells
  • Eukaryotic Animal Cells
  • Prokaryotic Bacteria Cells
A

Name: Ribosomes
Composition: Protein and RNA in two subunits
Function: Protein synthesis
Plant Cells (Eukaryotic Cells): Yes (80s)
Animal Cells (Eukaryotic Cells): Yes (80s)
Bacteria Cells (Prokaryotic Cells): Yes; simpler, less dense (70s)

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9
Q

Vacuoles & Vesicles

  • composition
  • function
  • Eukaryotic Plant Cells
  • Eukaryotic Animal Cells
  • Prokaryotic Bacteria Cells
A

Name: Vacuoles & Vesicles
Composition: Membranous sacs. Vesicles are mini vacuoles
Function: Temporary storage of:
• Simple salts, sugars
• Waste
• Water
• Pigments
• Enzymes
Plant Cells (Eukaryotic Cells): Yes; 1 large central or 1-2 large
Animal Cells (Eukaryotic Cells): Yes; smaller more numerous
Bacteria Cells (Prokaryotic Cells): In general no but are sometimes found. Those found are smaller.

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10
Q

Golgi Apparatus

  • composition
  • function
  • Eukaryotic Plant Cells
  • Eukaryotic Animal Cells
  • Prokaryotic Bacteria Cells
A

Name: Golgi Apparatus
Composition: Stack of membranous saccules
Function: Processing, packaging and distribution of proteins and lipids
Plant Cells (Eukaryotic Cells): Yes
Animal Cells (Eukaryotic Cells): Yes
Bacteria Cells (Prokaryotic Cells): No

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11
Q

Lysosomes

  • composition
  • function
  • Eukaryotic Plant Cells
  • Eukaryotic Animal Cells
  • Prokaryotic Bacteria Cells
A 
Name: Lysosomes
Composition: Membranous vesicle containing digestive enzymes
Function: Intracellular digestion
Plant Cells (Eukaryotic Cells): Yes
Animal Cells (Eukaryotic Cells): Yes
Bacteria Cells (Prokaryotic Cells): No
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12
Q

Cytoskeleton

  • composition
  • function
  • Eukaryotic Plant Cells
  • Eukaryotic Animal Cells
  • Prokaryotic Bacteria Cells
A

Name: Cytoskeleton
Composition: microtubules, intermediate filaments, actin filaments
Function: Shape of cell and movement of its parts
Plant Cells (Eukaryotic Cells): Yes
Animal Cells (Eukaryotic Cells): Yes
Bacteria Cells (Prokaryotic Cells): No

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13
Q

Centrioles

  • composition
  • function
  • Eukaryotic Plant Cells
  • Eukaryotic Animal Cells
  • Prokaryotic Bacteria Cells
A 
Name: Centrioles
Composition: 9 + 0 pattern of microtubules
Function: Formation of basal bodies
Plant Cells (Eukaryotic Cells): No
Animal Cells (Eukaryotic Cells): Yes
Bacteria Cells (Prokaryotic Cells): No
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14
Q

Cilia or Flagella

  • composition
  • function
  • Eukaryotic Plant Cells
  • Eukaryotic Animal Cells
  • Prokaryotic Bacteria Cells
A

Name: Cilia or Flagella
Composition: 9 + 2 pattern of microtubules
Function: Movement of cell
Plant Cells (Eukaryotic Cells): Some male gametes
Animal Cells (Eukaryotic Cells): Often
Bacteria Cells (Prokaryotic Cells): Generally no, however small percentage do

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15
Q

Peroxisome

  • composition
  • function
  • Eukaryotic Plant Cells
  • Eukaryotic Animal Cells
  • Prokaryotic Bacteria Cells
A 
Name: Peroxisome
Composition: Membranous vesicle containing specific enzymes
Function: Various metabolic tasks
Plant Cells (Eukaryotic Cells): Yes
Animal Cells (Eukaryotic Cells): Yes
Bacteria Cells (Prokaryotic Cells): No
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16
Q

Nucleus

  • composition
  • function
  • Eukaryotic Plant Cells
  • Eukaryotic Animal Cells
  • Prokaryotic Bacteria Cells
A

Name: Nucleus
Composition: nuclear envelope, nucleoplasm, chromatin and nucleoli
Function: Storage of genetic information; synthesis of DNA and RNA
Plant Cells (Eukaryotic Cells): Yes
Animal Cells (Eukaryotic Cells): Yes
Bacteria Cells (Prokaryotic Cells): No, but has a Nuclear Region where DNA is found as chromosomes

17
Q

Rough ER

  • composition
  • function
  • Eukaryotic Plant Cells
  • Eukaryotic Animal Cells
  • Prokaryotic Bacteria Cells
A 
Name: Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Composition: Membranous flattened channels and tubular canals that is studded with Ribosomes
Function: Protein Synthesis
Plant Cells (Eukaryotic Cells): Yes
Animal Cells (Eukaryotic Cells): Yes
Bacteria Cells (Prokaryotic Cells): No
18
Q

Smooth ER

  • composition
  • function
  • Eukaryotic Plant Cells
  • Eukaryotic Animal Cells
  • Prokaryotic Bacteria Cells
A 
Name: Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Composition: Membranous flattened channels and tubular canals that has no  Ribosomes
Function: Various; lipid synthesis in some cells
Plant Cells (Eukaryotic Cells): Yes
Animal Cells (Eukaryotic Cells): Yes
Bacteria Cells (Prokaryotic Cells): No

Bio 12 (2 decks)

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