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Biology > Chapter 3. Organelles. > Flashcards

Chapter 3. Organelles. Flashcards

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0
Q

Breaks down ingested substances, old organelles, and cytoplasmic molecules

A

Lysosomes

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1
Q

Synthesizes proteins

A

Ribosome

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2
Q

Light energy converted into organic compounds.

A

Chloroplast.

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3
Q

Houses pigments and stores starches.

A

Plastid.

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4
Q

Provides storage.

A

Vacuole.

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5
Q

Provide locomotion or move substances over the outer surface of the cell.

A

Flagella/Cilia.

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6
Q

Prepares substances to be secreted by the cell.

A

Golgi apparatus.

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7
Q

Controls movement of substances into and out of the cell.

A

Cell membrane.

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8
Q

Protects and supports cell.

A

Cell wall.

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9
Q

Provides structure for the cell, necessary for movement and reproduction.

A

Cytoskeleton.

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10
Q

Collects and pumps water out of the cell.

A

Contractile vacuole.

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11
Q

Synthesizes proteins and sterols and transports materials within the cell.

A

Endoplasmic reticulum.

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12
Q

Provides storage, may contain enzymes for specific reasons.

A

Vesicle.

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13
Q

Flattened sacs that make up chloroplasts.

A

Thylakoids.

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14
Q

Transforms energy stored in sugars to usable cellular energy.

A

Mitochondrion.

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15
Q

Stacks thylakoids are arranged into.

A

Grana.

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16
Q

Stores DNA, produces RNA.

A

Nucleus.

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17
Q

Provides storage; regulates turgidity of cell.

A

Central vacuole.

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18
Q

Organisms composed of just one cell.

A

Unicellular.

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19
Q

Organism made of many cells.

A

Mulitcellular.

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20
Q

A collection of similar cells living together.

A

Colonial.

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21
Q

A group if similar cells that work together to carry out a specific function.

A

Tissue.

22
Q

Composed of several types of tissues working together to preform a specific function.

A

Organs.

23
Q

Made up if a group of organs that work together to accomplish life functions.

A

Organ system.

24
Q

Transport of dissolved substances into cells to serve as build in blocks or energy sources.

A

Absorption.

25
Q

Enzymatic breakdown of substances to obtain building materials or energy.

A

Digestion.

26
Q

List the three statements that make up the cell theory.

A
  1. ) all living things are made up of cells.
  2. ) cells preform all functions of living things.
  3. ) cells come from preexisting cells.
27
Q

Type of active transport. Process cells use to transport substances in bulk across the membrane and into the cell.

A

Endocytosis.

28
Q

Type of active transport. The process whereby vesicles or vacuoles in the cytoplasm fuse with the cell membrane and release their contents into the solution outside the cell.

A

Exocytosis.

29
Q

Non membrane bound cells.

A

Procaryotic.

30
Q

Membrane bound cells.

A

Eukaryotic.

31
Q

Diffusion by water through a semi permeable membrane.

A

Osmosis.

32
Q

Study of cells.

A

Cytology.

33
Q

“Steady state”.

A

Homeostasis.

34
Q

Limit of tolerance.

A

Cells die outside.

35
Q

Precise conditions at which something functions its best.

A

Optimal point.

36
Q

Outside of the optimal range.

A

Range of tolerance.

37
Q

Not the optimal point, but cell’s performance is still stable.

A

Optimal range.

38
Q

External solutes = internal solutes.

A

Isotonic solution.

39
Q

External solutes < internal solutes.

A

Hypotonic solution.

40
Q

External solutes > internal solutes.

A

Hypertonic solution.

41
Q

The bursting of a cell from internal water pressure.

A

Cytolysis.

42
Q

Water leaves the cell. Cell loses its turgidity and then the cell membrane pulls away from the cell.

A

Plasmolysis.

43
Q

Mvmt of molecules across the surface of the membrane with the concentration gradient and w/o using chemical energy.

A

Passive transport.

44
Q

Type of diffusion that requires a helper.

A

Facilitated diffusion.

45
Q

Protein facilitators are called-

A

Transport proteins.

46
Q

When energy is required and the substance is moved across the membrane against the concentration gradient.

A

Active transport.

47
Q

Use cellular energy to push substances against their concentration gradient.

A

Pumps

48
Q

Transport protein that forms tiny pores in the membrane that certain substances can pass.

A

Channel protein.

49
Q

Transport protein. Receptor site binds to the molecule it is designed to carry. Protein changes shape and the molecules passes through the membrane.

A

Carrier protein.

50
Q

Process of a cell eating another cell.

A

Phagocytosis.

51
Q

Movement of bulk fluids or solutes across the membrane.

A

Pinocytosis.

52
Q

Organelle that makes materials that are transported to the cell membrane from the vesicles.

A

Secretion vesicles.

Biology (2 decks)

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