Chapter 3-OpenStax Intro to Soc 3e Flashcards

1
Q

beliefs

A

tenets or convictions that people hold to be true

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2
Q

countercultures

A

groups that reject and oppose society’s widely accepted cultural patterns

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3
Q

cultural relativism

A

the practice of assessing a culture by its own standards, and not in comparison to another culture

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4
Q

cultural universals

A

patterns or traits that are globally common to all societies

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5
Q

culture

A

shared beliefs, values, and practices

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6
Q

culture lag

A

the gap of time between the introduction of material culture and nonmaterial culture’s acceptance of it

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7
Q

culture shock

A

an experience of personal disorientation when confronted with an unfamiliar way of life

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8
Q

diffusion

A

the spread of material and nonmaterial culture from one culture to another

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9
Q

discoveries

A

things and ideas found from what already exists

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10
Q

ethnocentrism

A

the evaluation and judgment of another culture based on one’s own cultural norms

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11
Q

folkways

A

direct, appropriate behavior in the day-to-day practices and expressions of a culture

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12
Q

formal norms

A

established, written rules

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13
Q

globalization

A

the integration of international trade and finance markets

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14
Q

high culture

A

the cultural patterns of a society’s elite

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15
Q

ideal culture

A

the standards a society would like to embrace and live up to

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16
Q

informal norms

A

casual behaviors that are generally and widely conformed to

17
Q

innovations

A

new objects or ideas introduced to culture for the first time

18
Q

inventions

A

a combination of pieces of existing reality into new forms

19
Q

language

A

a symbolic system of communication

20
Q

material culture

A

the objects or belongings of a group of people

21
Q

mores

A

the moral views and principles of a group

22
Q

nonmaterial culture

A

the ideas, attitudes, and beliefs of a society

23
Q

norms

A

the visible and invisible rules of conduct through which societies are structured

24
Q

popular culture

A

mainstream, widespread patterns among a society’s population

25
Q

real culture

A

the way society really is based on what actually occurs and exists

26
Q

sanctions

A

a way to authorize or formally disapprove of certain behaviors

27
Q

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

A

the way that people understand the world based on their form of language

28
Q

social control

A

a way to encourage conformity to cultural norms

29
Q

society

A

people who live in a definable community and who share a culture

30
Q

subcultures

A

groups that share a specific identification, apart from a society’s majority, even as the members exist within a larger society

31
Q

symbols

A

gestures or objects that have meanings associated with them that are recognized by people who share a culture

32
Q

values

A

a culture’s standard for discerning what is good and just in society