Chapter 3-OpenStax Intro to Soc 3e

Question 1

beliefs

Answer 1

tenets or convictions that people hold to be true

Question 2

countercultures

Answer 2

groups that reject and oppose society’s widely accepted cultural patterns

Question 3

cultural relativism

Answer 3

the practice of assessing a culture by its own standards, and not in comparison to another culture

Question 4

cultural universals

Answer 4

patterns or traits that are globally common to all societies

Question 5

culture

Answer 5

shared beliefs, values, and practices

Question 6

culture lag

Answer 6

the gap of time between the introduction of material culture and nonmaterial culture’s acceptance of it

Question 7

culture shock

Answer 7

an experience of personal disorientation when confronted with an unfamiliar way of life

Question 8

diffusion

Answer 8

the spread of material and nonmaterial culture from one culture to another

Question 9

discoveries

Answer 9

things and ideas found from what already exists

Question 10

ethnocentrism

Answer 10

the evaluation and judgment of another culture based on one’s own cultural norms

Question 11

folkways

Answer 11

direct, appropriate behavior in the day-to-day practices and expressions of a culture

Question 12

formal norms

Answer 12

established, written rules

Question 13

globalization

Answer 13

the integration of international trade and finance markets

Question 14

high culture

Answer 14

the cultural patterns of a society’s elite

Question 15

ideal culture

Answer 15

the standards a society would like to embrace and live up to

Question 16

informal norms

Answer 16

casual behaviors that are generally and widely conformed to

Question 17

innovations

Answer 17

new objects or ideas introduced to culture for the first time

Question 18

inventions

Answer 18

a combination of pieces of existing reality into new forms

Question 19

language

Answer 19

a symbolic system of communication

Question 20

material culture

Answer 20

the objects or belongings of a group of people

Question 21

mores

Answer 21

the moral views and principles of a group

Question 22

nonmaterial culture

Answer 22

the ideas, attitudes, and beliefs of a society

Question 23

norms

Answer 23

the visible and invisible rules of conduct through which societies are structured

Question 24

popular culture

Answer 24

mainstream, widespread patterns among a society’s population

Question 25

real culture

Answer 25

the way society really is based on what actually occurs and exists

Question 26

sanctions

Answer 26

a way to authorize or formally disapprove of certain behaviors

Question 27

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

Answer 27

the way that people understand the world based on their form of language

Question 28

social control

Answer 28

a way to encourage conformity to cultural norms

Question 29

society

Answer 29

people who live in a definable community and who share a culture

Question 30

subcultures

Answer 30

groups that share a specific identification, apart from a society’s majority, even as the members exist within a larger society

Question 31

symbols

Answer 31

gestures or objects that have meanings associated with them that are recognized by people who share a culture

Question 32

values

Answer 32

a culture’s standard for discerning what is good and just in society