Chapter 2 - OpenStax Intro to Soc 3e Flashcards

1
Q

accuracy

A

using a tool that makes the measuring more precise

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2
Q

case study

A

in-depth analysis of a single event, situation, or individual

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3
Q

code of ethics

A

a set of guidelines that the American Sociological Association has established to foster ethical research and professionally responsible scholarship in sociology

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4
Q

content analysis

A

applying a systematic approach to record and value information gleaned from secondary data as it relates to the study at hand

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5
Q

correlation

A

when a change in one variable coincides with a change in another variable, but does not necessarily indicate causation

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6
Q

debunking

A

looking beyond the obvious to expose falseness by examining merit, logic, and evidence

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7
Q

dependent variables

A

a variable changed by other variables

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8
Q

empirical evidence

A

evidence that comes from direct experience, scientifically gathered data, or experimentation

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9
Q

ethnography

A

participating and observing thinking and behavior in a social setting

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10
Q

experiment

A

the testing of a hypothesis under controlled conditions

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11
Q

field research

A

gathering data from a natural environment without doing a lab experiment or a survey

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12
Q

Hawthorne effect

A

when study subjects behave in a certain manner due to their awareness of being observed by a researcher

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13
Q

hypothesis

A

a testable educated guess about predicted outcomes between two or more variables

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14
Q

independent variables

A

variables that cause changes in dependent variables

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15
Q

interpretive framework

A

a sociological research approach that seeks in-depth understanding of a topic or subject through observation or interaction; this approach is not based on hypothesis testing

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16
Q

interview

A

a one-on-one conversation between the researcher and the subject

17
Q

literature review

A

a scholarly research step that entails identifying and studying all existing studies on a topic to create a basis for new research

18
Q

nonreactive research

A

using secondary data, does not include direct contact with subjects and will not alter or influence people’s behaviors

19
Q

operational definitions

A

specific explanations of abstract concepts that a researcher plans to study

20
Q

participant observation

A

when a researcher immerses herself in a group or social setting in order to make observations from an “insider” perspective

21
Q

population

A

a defined group serving as the subject of a study

22
Q

primary data

A

data that are collected directly from firsthand experience

23
Q

qualitative data

A

non-numerical, descriptive data that is often subjective and based on what is experienced in a natural setting

24
Q

quantitative data

A

data collected in numerical form that can be counted and analyzed using statistics

25
Q

random sample

A

a study’s participants being randomly selected to serve as a representation of a larger population

26
Q

reliability

A

a measure of a study’s consistency that considers how likely results are to be replicated if a study is reproduced

27
Q

samples

A

small, manageable number of subjects that represent the population

28
Q

scientific method

A

an established scholarly research that involves asking a question, researching existing sources, forming a hypothesis, designing a data collection method, gathering data, and drawing conclusions

29
Q

secondary data analysis

A

using data collected by others but applying new interpretations

30
Q

surveys

A

collect data from subjects who respond to a series of questions about thinking, behaviors, and opinions, often in the form of a questionnaire

31
Q

validity

A

the degree to which a sociological measure accurately reflects the topic of study

32
Q

value neutrality

A

a practice of remaining impartial, without bias or judgment during the course of a study and in publishing results