Chapter 3- Nuclear chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

The study of natural and artificially induced nuclear reactions and of the chemical reactions of radioactive substance.

A

Nuclear chemistry

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2
Q

A reaction in which changes occur in the nucleus of an atom.

A

Nuclear reaction

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3
Q

An atom with a specific atomic number and a specific mass number.

A

Nuclide

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4
Q

The penetrating rays and particles emited by a radioactive source.

A

Radiation

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5
Q

A substance like uranium that spontaneously give off radiation.

A

Radioactive

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6
Q

The emission of particles caused by the spontaneous disintegration of atomic nuclei.

A

Radioactivity

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7
Q

In 1895, He accidentally discovered an invisible radiation which is more penetrating than uv-rays that it emits.

A

Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen

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8
Q

Discovers natural radioactivity in 1896.

A

Henri Becquerel

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9
Q

She coined radioactivity. Curium was named after her and her husband.

A

Marie Curie

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10
Q

In 1899, he discovered alpha, beta and gamma radiation.

A

Earnest Rutherford

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11
Q

Have a very low penetrating power.

A

Alpha radiation

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12
Q

Have a slight penetrating power and can pass through a sheet of paper but can be stopped by heavy clothing.

A

Beta radiation

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13
Q

Most penetrating radiation, can pass through the body causing cellular damage

A

Gamma radiation

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14
Q

It is like a mirror image of beta decay. Something inside the nucleus of an atom breaks down, which causes a proton to become a neutron.

A

Positron decay

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15
Q

It is a nuclear reaction in which an atomic nucleus and one or more neutrons collide and merge to form a heavier nucleus.

A

Neutron capture

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16
Q

An electron from the closest energy level falls into the nucleus, which causes a proton to become a neutron.

A

Electron capture

17
Q

Measures the number of particles or protons emerging per unit time.

A

Intensity- energy flux

18
Q

Unit of radiation intensity.

A

1 Bq= 1 dps (disintegration per second)

1 Ci= 3.7x1010 dps

19
Q

Measures the energy delivered by a radiation source or the amount of exposure of radiation.
1 R = 2.58x10-4 coulomb/kg

A

Roentgens (R)

20
Q

Measure of the radiation absorbed from a radiation source.

A

Rads (radiation absorbed dose)

21
Q

Measure the effect of the radiation when a person absorbs 1 roentgen.

A

Rems ( roentgen equivalent to man)

22
Q

The goal is to create a useful picture of a target tissue.

A

Medical Imaging

23
Q

Use of radioactive isotopes as tools for both diagnosis and treatment of diseases.

A

Nuclear medicine

24
Q

Radioactive isotope is used for the selective destruction of pathological cells and tissues.

A

Radiation therapy

25
Q

Burrowing nuclear waste into the ground to the point where it is out of human reach.

A

Geological Disposal

26
Q

The process involves taking waste and separating the useful components from those that aren’t as useful.

A

Recover and reuse

27
Q

Involves converting a chemical element into another less harmful one.

A

Transmutation

28
Q

Spent fuels are stored underwater and in dry casks at power plants.

A

Storage

29
Q

Putting nuclear waste on a space shuttle and launching the shuttle into space.

A

Space disposal