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PSYC 113 > Chapter 3: Neuroscience > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Neuroscience Flashcards

1
Q

Central Nervous System

A

Brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Autonomic NS and somatic NS

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3
Q

The two parts of the nervous system are:

A

CNS and PNS

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4
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Interacts with external environment by conveying info from muscles to the CNS

Afferent: senses -> CNS
Efferent: CNS -> muscles

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5
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Involuntary commands; regulates internal environment ie. organs

Afferent: organs -> CNS
Efferent: CNS -> organs

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6
Q

The two parts of the autonomic nervous system are:

A

Parasympathetic NS and sympathetic NS

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7
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

Arousing; prepares the body for threatening situations

Pupils dilated; far vision
Dry mouth
Goosebumps
Sweaty palms
Dilated lungs 
Increased heart rate
More blood to muscles
Increased activity in adrenal glands
Inhibited digestion
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8
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

Calming; helps body return to resting state

Pupils constricted; near vision
Salivating
No goosebumps
Dry palms
Constricted lungs
Decreased heart rate
More blood to organs
Decreased activity in adrenal glands
Stimulated digestion
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9
Q

The hindbrain’s function and structures:

A

Coordinates info coming in/out of spinal cord

Pons, medulla, reticular formation, cerebellum

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10
Q

Medulla

A

Coordinates heart rate, circulation, and breathing

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11
Q

Reticular formation

A

Regulates sleep, wakefulness, and level of arousal (emotion)

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12
Q

Cerebellum

A

Controls fine motor skills, fine-tuning behaviour (not initiating)

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13
Q

Pons

A

Relays info from cerebellum to rest of the brain

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14
Q

The midbrain’s function and structures:

A

Responsible for orientation and movement

Tectum, tegmentum

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15
Q

Tectum

A

Orients an organism in its environment

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16
Q

Tegmentum

A

Movement and arousal, directs an organism towards stimuli (actual movement vs tectum)

17
Q

The forebrain’s function and structures:

A

Controls complex cognitive, emotional, sensory and motor function

Basal ganglia, pituitary gland, thalamus, limbic system

18
Q

Four Fs of the limbic system

A

Feeding, fighting, fleeing, sexual behaviour

19
Q

Basal ganglia

A

Directs intentional movements; the striatum within it controls posture and movement

20
Q

Cause of Parkinson’s

A

Damages part of midbrain that normally supplies striatum with dopamine

21
Q

Pituitary gland

A

Master gland of body’s hormonal/endocrine system, releases messenger hormones which direct functions of other glands

22
Q

Thalamus

A

Relays and filters info from the senses (except smell) and transmits info to the cerebral cortex

Closes pathways during sleep

23
Q

Structures of the limbic system:

A

Hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus

24
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst, sexual behaviour

Keeps body temperature, blood sugar, and metabolism within an optimal range

Signals pituitary gland to release hormones

Located below thalamus

25
Q

Hippocampus

A

Creates new memories, integrating them into a network to be stored in the cerebral cortex

26
Q

Amygdala

A

Formation of emotional memories and other emotional processes; ability to feel fear

When you are in emotionally arousing situations, stimulates the hippocampus to remember many details

27
Q

Cerebral cortex function, thickness, and contained lobes:

A

Info processing center responsible for most complex aspects of perception, emotion, movement, and thought

2-4 mm thick

Frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital

28
Q

The brain is layered as ___ matter over ___ matter with ___ inside that are filled with cerebrospinal fluid

A

Grey, white, ventricles

29
Q

The endocrine system contains:

A

Pituitary gland, adrenal glands, thyroid gland, pancreas, pineal gland, ovaries/testes

30
Q

Adrenal glands

A

Produces adrenaline, regulates stress response

31
Q

Thyroid gland

A

Regulates body temperature and heart rate

32
Q

Pancreas

A

Controls digestion

33
Q

Pineal gland

A

Secretes melatonin, controls sleep/wake cycle

34
Q

The ovaries produce ___ while the testes produce ___

A

Estrogen, testosterone

PSYC 113 (3 decks)

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