Chapter 1: History

Question 1

Nativism

Answer 1

Plato and Kant: knowledge is innate

Question 2

Empiricism

Answer 2

Aristotle and Locke: knowledge is acquired through experience

Question 3

Dualism

Answer 3

Descartes: body and mind are different things

Question 4

Materialism

Answer 4

Hobbes: mind and brain are the same

Question 5

Realism

Answer 5

Locke: how we view the world is exactly how our sensory organs see

Question 6

Idealism

Answer 6

Kant: how we view the world is up to the brain’s interpretation of our senses

Question 7

Phrenology

Answer 7

Gall: belief that size or location of bumps in the brain correspond to human character

Question 8

Localization (two people)

Answer 8

Flourens: animal brain surgeries
Broca: patient with brain damage

Different areas of the brain are responsible for different functions

Question 9

Structuralism

Answer 9

Wundt: study of the basic elements that make up the mind

Question 10

What is Helmholtz known for?

Answer 10

Measured reaction time of nerve impulses in frogs legs eg. toes vs thighs

Farther away nerves took longer to react

Question 11

Functionalism

Answer 11

James: study of how mental processes enable us to adapt to our environments; purpose of behaviour

Question 12

What is Charcot and Janet known for?

Answer 12

Treating hysteria patients, suggested brain can create multiple conscious selves

Question 13

Psychoanalytic theory

Answer 13

Freud: there exists an unconscious mind that influences behaviour; result of repressed childhood experiences or simillar

Question 14

What are Maslow and Rogers known for?

Answer 14

Humanistic psychology: people are free agents with the inherent need to grow and develop

Question 15

Behaviourism

Answer 15

Psychology should be restricted to using the scientific method for objectively observable behaviour

Question 16

What is Pavlov known for?

Answer 16

Classical conditioning: dogs and bells

Question 17

What is Watson known for?

Answer 17

Classical conditioning: Little Albert (white rat and child)

Question 18

What is Skinner known for?

Answer 18

Operant conditioning: Skinner box

Question 19

Gestalt psychology (three people)

Answer 19

Wertheimer: flashing light experiment
Piaget: clay experiment; (child) developmental psychology
Bartlett: memory recount

The mind creates theories on how the world works; it creates its own perceptual experience

Question 20

Social psychology

Answer 20

Lewin: study of the causes and consequences of sociality; how behaviour is influenced by the perception of others

Question 21

Cognitive psychology (two people)

Answer 21

Chomsky: criticized behaviourism; language development
Broadbent: shifting attention from different stimuli

Study of mental processes (like a computer)