Chapter 3: Nervous System

Question 1

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Answer 1

• the division of the nervous system that is located within the skull and spine

Question 2

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS

Answer 2

the division that is located outside the skull and spine

Question 3

`1. Somatic Nervous System (SNS)

Answer 3

part of the PNS that interacts with the external environment

Question 4

a. Afferent Nerves

Answer 4

carry sensory signals from the skin, skeletal muscles, joints, etc.

Question 5

b. Efferent Nerves

Answer 5

carry motor signals from the CNS to skeletal muscles

Question 6

2. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Answer 6

the part of the PNS that regulates the body’s internal environment

Question 7

1. Sympathetic Nerves

Answer 7

autonomic motor nerves that project from the CNS in the lumbar (small of the back) and thoracic (chest area) of the spinal cord

Question 8

2. Parasympathetic Nerves

Answer 8

autonomic motor nerves that project from the brain and sacral (lower back) region of the spinal cord

Question 9

o Cranial Nerves

Answer 9

project from the brain, with different functions

Question 10

Meninges

Answer 10

the three protective membranes which encase the brain

Question 11

Dura Mater (Tough Mother)

Answer 11

outer meninx, tough membrane

Question 12

Arachnoid Membrane

Answer 12

spider web like membrane

Question 13

Pia Mater (Pious Mother)

Answer 13

adheres to the surface of the CNS, very delicate

Question 14

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Answer 14

fills the subarachnoid space, the central canal of the spinal cord, and the cerebral ventricles of the brain

Question 15

Central Canal

Answer 15

a small central channel that runs the length of the spinal cord

Question 16

Cerebral Ventricles

Answer 16

Four large internal chambers of the brain

Question 17

Choroid Plexuses

Answer 17

networks of capillaries (small blood vessels) that protrude into the ventricles from the pia mater to produce cerebrospinal fluid

Question 18

Cerebral Aqueduct

Answer 18

connects the third and fourth ventricles

Question 19

Hydrocephalus

Answer 19

caused by buildup of fluid near the aqueduct due to a tumor

Question 20

Blood-Brain Barrier

Answer 20

• mechanism that impedes the passage of many toxic substances from the blood into the brain
  The degree to which therapeutic or recreational drugs can influence brain activity depends on the ease with which they penetrate the blood-brain barrier