Chapter 3: Elements of the Cell

Question 1

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 1

a system of folded membranes in the cell body
Rough portions (with ribosomes) play a role in the synthesis of proteins
Smooth portions (those without ribosomes) play a role in the synthesis of fats

Question 2

Nucleus

Answer 2

the spherical DNA-containing structure of the cell body

Question 3

Mitochondria

Answer 3

sites of aerobic (oxygen-consuming) energy release

Question 4

Cytoplasm

Answer 4

the clear internal fluid of the cell

Question 5

Ribosomes

Answer 5

Internal cellular structures on which proteins synthesize; they are all located on the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 6

Golgi Complex

Answer 6

a connected system of membranes that packages molecules in vesicles

Question 7

Microtubules

Answer 7

tubules responsible for the rapid transport of material throughout neurons

Question 8

Synaptic Vesicles

Answer 8

• spherical membrane packages that store neurotransmitter molecules ready for release near synapses

Question 9

Neurotransmitters

Answer 9

molecules that are released from active neurons and influence the activity of other cells

Question 10

Lipid bilayer

Answer 10

two layers of fat molecules

Embedded within are numerous protein molecules that are the basis of many of the cell membrane’s functional properties

Question 11

Channel proteins

Answer 11

transfer a signal to the inside of the neuron when particular molecules bind to them on the outside of the membrane