Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medical Terminology > Chapter 3: Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

ligaments

A

connect bone to bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

tendons

A

connect bone to muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

fascia, fasci/o

A

tough, fibrous covering of the muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

cartilage

A

flexible, connective tissue covering the ends of many bones, providing support and protection. Also forms the outer ear and tip of the nose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

hematopoiesis

A

continual formation of blood in the bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

orthopedics/orthopedist

A

specialty dealing with musculoskeletal system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Rheumatology/rheumatologist

A

Specialty dealing with disorders of connective tissue, esp bone and cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

articular

A

pertaining to the arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

tendinous

A

pertaining to a tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

muscular

A

pertaining to a muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

syndesmal

A

pertaining to a ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

chrondal

A

pertaining to cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

osseous

A

pertaining to bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

axial skeleton

A

skull, rib cage, spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

All non-axial (arms, legs, shoulder, hips, pelvic, etc.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

osteocytes

A

mature bone cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

matrix

A

material between bone cells (osteocytes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

osteoblasts

A

cells that build bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

osteoclasts

A

cells that break down bone cells to use as needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

spongy or cancellous bone

A

inner layer of bone tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

diaphysis

A

long shaft of bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

epiphysis

A

end of the bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

epiphyseal plates

A

areas where bone growth occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

metaphysis

A

the epiphysis and the epiphyseal plates together form this

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

periosteum

A

outer covering of the bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

endosteum

A

inner aspect of the bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

bone depression

A

any groove, opening, or hollow space in a bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

bone processes

A

raised areas of bone, often connection points for tendons and ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

foramen (foramin/o)

A

an opening or whole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

fossa (foss/o)

A

a hollow or depression, esp on the surface of the end of a bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

condyle (condyl/o)

A

rounded projection at the end of a bone that anchors the ligament and articulates with adjacent bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

crest

A

a narrow, elongated elevation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

epicondyle

A

a projection on the surface of the bone above the condyle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

trochanter

A

bony projections on the end of femurs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

tubercle (tubercul/o)

A

a nodule or small raised area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

tuberosity

A

larger than a tubercle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Skull parts

A

Cranium and Facial bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Frontal bone

A

forehead, anterior skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Parietal bones

A

sides of the cranium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Occipital bone

A

back of the skull.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

foramen magnum

A

large hole in the Occipital bone for the spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Temporal bones

A

lower sides of the cranium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Mastoid process

A

posterior part of the Temporal behind the ears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Ethmoid bone

A

forms roof and walls of nasal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Sphenoid bone

A

Anterior to the temporal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Paranasal sinuses

A

air-filled cavities that are names for the bones in which they are located.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Zygoma / Zygomatic

A

cheekbone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Lacrimal bones

A

paired bones at the corner of each eye that cradle the tear ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Maxilla / Maxillary bones

A

Upper jaw

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

mandible / mandibular bone

A

Lower jaw

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Vomer

A

posterior part of the nasal septal wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Palatine bone

A

part of the roof of the mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

nasal turbinates (conchae)

A

part of the interior of the nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Nasal bones

A

pair of small bones that make up the bridge of the nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

ribs

A

12-pairs of flat attached to the thoracic vertebrae posterior and to the costochondral tissue in the front

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

True ribs

A

7 pair attached directly to the sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

False Ribs

A

5 ribs attached to the Sternum with cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Floating Ribs

A

2 pairs of false ribs not attached to the Sternum at all.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Sternum

A

breast bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

xiphoid process

A

sharp point at the most inferior point of the Sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Spinal or Vertebral Column

A

series of 26 bones (vertebrae) running from the neck to the tailbone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

cervical

A

Region: Neck bones C1-C7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

thoracic

A

Region: upper back, T1-T12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

lumbar

A

Region: Lower back L1-L5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

sacral

A

Region: Sacrum, S1-S5, 5 bones, fused

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

coccygeal

A

Region: tailbone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

scapula

A

shoulder blades

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

acromion process

A

lateral protrusion of the scapula the forms the highest part of the shoulder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

clavicle

A

collar bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

humerus

A

Upper arm bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

radius

A

lower lateral arm bone, parallel to the ulna. Thumb side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

ulna

A

lower medial arm bone. pinky side.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

olecranon

A

proximal projection of the Ulna that forms the tip of the elbow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

carpus

A

one of eight wrist bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

metacarpus

A

one of five bones that form the middle of the hand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

phalanx (phalanges)

A

one of 14 bones that constitute the fingers of each hand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

digitus

A

refers to the whole finger or toe (all the bones involved)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

acetabulum

A

the socket into which the femal head fits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

Ilium

A

Superior and widest bone of the Pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

Ischium

A

Lower portion of the pelvic bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

Pubis

A

Anterior part of the pelvic bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

Femur

A

Upper leg bone, thigh bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

Patella

A

kneecap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

Tibia

A

Shine bone, lower medial leg bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

Fibula

A

smaller, lower lateral leg bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

Malleolus

A

process on the distal ends of the tibia and fibula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

Tarsus (tarsals)

A

1 of 7 bones of the ankle, hindfoot, and midfoot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q

calcaneus

A

heel bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
89
Q

Metatarsus (Metatarsals)

A

1 of 5 foot bones between the tarsals and the phalanges

90
Q

ROM

A

Range of Motion

91
Q

rhabdomy/o (skeletal)

A

striated or skeletal muscle (voluntary)

92
Q

synarthroses

A

immovable joints (no ROM)

93
Q

Amphiarthroses

A

lightly movable joints (limited ROM)

94
Q

Diarthroses (synovial joints)

A

Freely movable joints (full ROM)

95
Q

bursae

A

sacks of fluid between the bones and tendons that hold the muscles in place at the joint.

96
Q

menisci

A

crescent-shaped cartilage between the femur and tibia in the knee joint

97
Q

muscle

A

tissue composed of cells that can contract and relax to allow movement

98
Q

Skeletal, Smooth, Heart

A

Three muscle functions, respectively voluntary movement, involuntary organ movement, blood pump

99
Q

abduction

A

movement away from the midline

100
Q

adduction

A

movement toward the midline

101
Q

muscle naming conventions

A

location, number of insertions, size, shape, muscle action, origin/insertion.

102
Q

Origin

A

bone at the end of the attachment that does not move and is nearest to the trunk

103
Q

insertion

A

bone at the end of the attachment that does move and is farthest from the trunk

104
Q

action

A

the function of the muscle

105
Q

extension

A

muscle action that increases joint angle

106
Q

flexion

A

muscle action that decreases joint angle

107
Q

supination

A

turning upward

108
Q

pronation

A

turning downward

109
Q

dorsiflexion

A

process of bending back

110
Q

plantar flexion

A

lowering the foot, pointing the toes

111
Q

eversion

A

turning out

112
Q

inversion

A

turning in

113
Q

protraction

A

process of pulling forward, the forward movement of a muscle

114
Q

retraction

A

process of pulling back, backward movement of a muscle

115
Q

rotation

A

process of a bone turning on it’s axis

116
Q

circumduction

A

process of carrying around, the circular movement of the distal end of a limb around it’s point of attachment

117
Q

muscular dystrophy

A

progressive atrophy of muscles without degeneration of neural tissues

118
Q

Talipes

A

clubfoot

119
Q

spina bifida

A

Congenital fissure of the vertebral column

120
Q

exostosis

A

benign growth projecting outward from the bone

121
Q

Osteophytosis

A

abnormal bone growth (phyt/o = growth) in a joint

122
Q

Achondroplasia

A

abnormal cartilage growth at long bone and skull epiphyses, resulting in dwarfism (–plasia = growth or development).

123
Q

polydactyly

A

a congenital developmental condition marked by the presence of more than the normal number (poly–) of toes or fingers (dactyl/o).

124
Q

syndactyly

A

joined or webbed fingers or toes

125
Q

torticollis

A

contraction of the muscles of the neck. (wryneck)

126
Q

osteodynia

A

bone pain

127
Q

osteitis deformans

A

Paget disease. misshapen bone resulting from inflamation.

128
Q

scoliosis

A

This condition is characterized by a lateral “S” curve of the spine

129
Q

scoli/o

A

crooked or bent

130
Q

osteomalacia

A

softening of the bones

131
Q

osteomyelitis

A

inflammation of the bone and bone marrow

132
Q

osteoporosis

A

loss of bone mass

133
Q

osteopenia

A

bone mass deficiency (less severe than osteoporosis)

134
Q

-penia

A

defiency

135
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

deficiency of blood platelets that causes an inability of the blood to clot. A common cause of bleeding disorders.

136
Q

lordosis

A

which is an abnormal bending forward of the lumbar spine

137
Q

Kyphosis

A

an abnormal hump in the thoracic spine

138
Q

chrondomalacia

A

softening of cartilage

139
Q

costochondritis

A

inflamation of the cartilage of the ribs

140
Q

arthrosis

A

any of several abnormal conditions of the joint

141
Q

Baker cyst

A

Cyst of synovial fluid in the popliteal area of the leg. Associated with RA

142
Q

bunion

A

common, painful enlargement of the joint at the base of the big toe (first metatarsophalangeal joint).

143
Q

bursitis

A

Inflammation of a bursa

144
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

A

compression of the median nerve at the wrist

145
Q

crepitus

A

crackling sound heard in joints

146
Q

osteoarthritis (OA)

A

degenerative joint disease (DJD)… wearing down of the edges of the bone. Wear and tear disease.

147
Q

osteophytosis

A

abnormal bone growth in a joint

148
Q

rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

A

inflammatory joint disease, believed to be autoimmune in nature, occurs in younger population than OA.

149
Q

scleroderma

A

hardening and thickening of the skin

150
Q

systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

A

chronic, systematic inflammation, unknown etiology, characterized by red, butterfly-like rash on nose and cheeks.

151
Q

temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJ)

A

dysfunctional TMJ resulting in jaw pain

152
Q

tendinitis

A

inflammation of a tendon

153
Q

’- malacia

A

softening

154
Q

kyphosis

A

extreme posterior curvature of the thoracic area of spine

155
Q

lordosis

A

swayback, exaggerated anterior curve of the lumbar vertebrae

156
Q

scoliosis

A

lateral S-curve of the spine

157
Q

spinal stenosis

A

abnormal narrowing of the spinal canal

158
Q

spondylosis

A

stiffening if vertebral joints

159
Q

contracture

A

chronic fixation of a joint in flexion caused by atrophy and shortening of muscle fibers

160
Q

fibromyalgia

A

muscoskeletal pain, fatigue, muscle stiffness and spasms, and sleep disturbances

161
Q

plantar fasciitis

A

inflammation of the fascia on the sole of the foot

162
Q

pathologic fractures (spontaneous…)

A

fractures resulting from an underlying disease

163
Q

simple fracture

A

no skin break

164
Q

compound fracture

A

broken skin raises the risk of infection

165
Q

sprain

A

traumatic injury to a joint involving ligaments.

166
Q

strain

A

overuse or overstretching of a muscle or tendon

167
Q

dislocation

A

a bone completely out of place in a joint

168
Q

subluxation

A

a bone partially out of joint

169
Q

Compartment syndrome

A

swelling of the fascia

170
Q

Colles fracture

A

at the distal end of the radius (wrist) at the epiphysis. occurs when trying to break a fall with hand.

171
Q

comminuted fracture

A

crushed or shattered, several pieces

172
Q

complicated fracture

A

broken bone pierces an internal organ

173
Q

compression fracture

A

fractured area of bone collapses on itself

174
Q

greenstick fracture

A

partially bent, partially broken. common in pediatrics due to softer bones in children

175
Q

hairline fracture

A

minor fracture appearing as a thin line on X-ray

176
Q

impacted fracture

A

broken bones with ends driven into each other

177
Q

Salter Harris

A

fracture of the epiphyseal plate in children

178
Q

chondrosarcoma

A

malignant tumor of the cartilage

179
Q

leiomyosarcoma

A

malignant tumor of smooth muscle (most common in the uterus)

180
Q

osteosarcoma

A

malignant tumor of the bone. aka Ewing sarcoma. most common peds bone cancer.

181
Q

rhabdomyosarcoma

A

highly malignant tumor of skeletal muscle

182
Q

neoplasm

A

abnormal growth of new tissue

183
Q

malaise

A

a vague, uneasy feeling of bodily fatigue and discomfort.

184
Q

arthrography

A

x-ray recording of a joint

185
Q

arthroscopy

A

visual examination of a joint (with an arthroscope)

186
Q

Computed tomography (CT)

A

imaging technology that records transverse planes of the body

187
Q

DEXA Scan

A

Dual energy X-Ray absorptiometry - measures density of bone at the hip and spine

188
Q

electomyography (EMG)

A

measure the electrical activity of muscles

189
Q

magnetic resonance imaging

A

uses magnetic properties to record detailed information about internal structures

190
Q

myelogram

A

x-ray of spinal column after injection of contrast medium

191
Q

x-ray (radiograph)

A

uses electromagnetic radiation for recording internal structures

192
Q

goniometry

A

measures a joints range of motion (used at PT)

193
Q

Phalen test

A

diagnostic test for carpal tunnel syndrome

194
Q

Range of motion testing

A

assesses degree to which joint can be flexed and extended

195
Q

rheumatoid factor test

A

lab test for RF present in blood for RA patients

196
Q

serum calcium (Ca)

A

test to measure the amount of calcium in the blood

197
Q

myopathy

A

disease of the muscle

198
Q

myasthenia gravis (MG)

A

chronic muscle weakness. potentially caused by disruption of the transmission of impulses from nerve to muscle cells.

199
Q

arthrocentesis

A

the joint space is punctured with a surgical needle and synovial fluid is removed for analysis

200
Q

-centesis

A

surgical puncture to remove fluid

201
Q

Arthrodesis

A

the surgical binding (–desis) or stabilization of a joint

202
Q

reduction (manipulation)

A

process of alignment of the bone (external or internal)

203
Q

ORIF

A

open reduction and internal fixation

204
Q

CREF

A

closed reduction and external fixation

205
Q

arthrodesis

A

binding or stabilization of a joint by surgical means

206
Q

arthroplasty

A

general term for surgical repair of a joint

207
Q

laminectomy

A

removal of the bony arches of one or more vertebrae

208
Q

meniscectomy

A

removal of a meniscus such as in the knee

209
Q

myorrhaphy

A

suture of a muscle

210
Q

kyphoplasty

A

injection of cement-like substance to repair fractured vertebrae

211
Q

operative ankylosis

A

procedure for treatment of spinal fractures

212
Q

osteoclasis

A

intentional refracture of a bone

213
Q

osteoplasty

A

surgical repair of bone

214
Q

prosthesis

A

artificial body part

215
Q

syndesmoplasty

A

surgical repair of a ligament

216
Q

tenomyoplasty

A

surgical repair of muscle or tendon

217
Q

total hip replacement (THR)

A

replacement of the femoral head and acetabulum of the hip

218
Q

Total Knee Replacement (TKR)

A

replacement of the entire knee joint

219
Q

traction

A

pulling a body part into correct alignment

220
Q

endoscopic diskectomy

A

aspiration of a disc through a tube inserted through the skin.

Medical Terminology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions