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Medical Terminology > Chapter 2: Body Structure and Directional Terminology > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Body Structure and Directional Terminology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

anabolism

A

Building up of substances as a part of metabolism

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2
Q

catabolism

A

breaking down of substances as a part of metabolism

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3
Q

cytoplasm

A

holds the organelles of the cell

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4
Q

lysosome

A

organelle that serves a digestive function for the cell

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5
Q

ribosome

A

site of protein formation; contains RNA

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6
Q

mitochondrion

A

converts nutrients to energy in the presence of oxygen

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7
Q

nucleus

A

cell’s control center. contains DNA, which carries genetic code.

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8
Q

parenchymal

A

tissue that does work

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9
Q

stromal

A

tissue that is supportive

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10
Q

Epithelial

A

1 of 4 types of tissue, it acts as an internal or external covering for organs

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11
Q

Connective

A

1 of 4 types of tissue, it has in internal structural network

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12
Q

Muscular

A

1 of 4 types of tissue, it contains the unique property of being able to contract and relax.

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13
Q

Nervous

A

1 of 4 types of tissue, it includes cells that provide transmission of information to regulate a variety of functions. Example is neurons (nerve cells).

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14
Q

viscera

A

another name for organs

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15
Q

apex

A

The pointed extremity of a conical structure

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16
Q

body

A

The largest or most important part of an organ

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17
Q

fornix

A

any vault-like or arched structure

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18
Q

fundus

A

The base or deepest part of a hollow organ that is farthest from the mouth of the organ

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19
Q

hilum

A

recess, exit, or entrance of a duct into a gland, or of a nerve and vessels into an organ

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20
Q

lumen

A

the space within an artery, vein, intestine, or tube

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21
Q

sinus

A

a cavity or channel in bone, a dilated channel for blood, or a cavity the permits the escape of purulent material

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22
Q

antrum

A

synonym for sinus

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23
Q

vestibule

A

a small space or cavity at the beginning of a canal

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24
Q

muscuskeletal

A

body system for support, movement, and protection

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25
Q

integumentary

A

body system for cover and protection

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26
Q

gastrointestinal

A

body system for nutrition

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27
Q

urinary

A

body system for elimination of nitrogenous waste

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28
Q

reproductive

A

body system for reproduction

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29
Q

blood/lymphatic/immune

A

body system for the transportation of nutrients and waste, protection

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30
Q

cardiovascular

A

body system for the transportation of blood

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31
Q

respiratory

A

body system for the delivery of oxygen to cells and the removal of carbon dioxide

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32
Q

nervous/behavioral

A

body system for the receipt and processing of information

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33
Q

special senses

A

body system for information gathering

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34
Q

endocrine

A

body system for effecting changes in the body through chemical messengers

35
Q

oste/o, osse/o (osseous, osteal)

A

bone

36
Q

lys/o, (lytic)

A

breakdown, dissolve

37
Q

adip/o (adipose)

A

fat

38
Q

thel/o (thelial)

A

nipple (membrane covering)

39
Q

bol/o

A

to throw, throwing

40
Q

home/o

A

same

41
Q

kary/o, nucle/o

A

nuclear

42
Q

cephalic

A

pertaining to the head

43
Q

cranial

A

pertaining to the skull

44
Q

otic

A

pertaining to the ear

45
Q

auricular

A

pertaining to the ear

46
Q

ocular

A

pertaining to the eye

47
Q

thoracic

A

pertaining to the chest

48
Q

pectoral

A

chest muscles

49
Q

axillary

A

pertaining to the armpit

50
Q

sternal

A

pertaining to the breast bone

51
Q

deltoid

A

muscle covering the shoulder (triangle shaped - delta)

52
Q

brachial

A

pertaining to the arm

53
Q

carpal

A

pertaining to the wrist

54
Q

digital

A

pertaining to the fingers or toes

55
Q

palmal

A

pertaining to the palm

56
Q

femoral

A

pertaining to the thigh

57
Q

patellar

A

pertaining to the knee

58
Q

tarsal

A

pertaining to the ankle

59
Q

pedal

A

pertaining to the foot

60
Q

dorsal

A

pertaining to the back

61
Q

vertebral

A

spine

62
Q

scapular

A

shoulder/shoulder blade

63
Q

gluteal

A

buttocks

64
Q

lumbar

A

lower back

65
Q

buccal

A

cheek

66
Q

cervical

A

neck

67
Q

frontal

A

pertaining to the front, forehead

68
Q

mental

A

pertaining to the chin (also to the mind)

69
Q

coxal

A

hip

70
Q

inguinal

A

groin

71
Q

umbilical

A

pertaining to the navel (umbilicus)

72
Q

antecubital

A

front of the elbow

73
Q

brachial

A

pertaining to the arm

74
Q

antebrachial

A

pertaining to the forearm

75
Q

crural

A

pertaining to the leg

76
Q

manual

A

pertaining to the hand

77
Q

plantar

A

pertaining to the sole of the foot

78
Q

acromial

A

pertaining to the highest point of the shoulder (acromion)

79
Q

nuchal

A

neck

80
Q

olecranal

A

elbow

81
Q

perineal

A

perineum

82
Q

popliteal

A

back of the knee

83
Q

sacral

A

sacrum (just below the lumbar)

84
Q

sural

A

calf

Medical Terminology (5 decks)

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