Chapter 3 - Molecules of Life Flashcards
large molecule made up of monomers
macromolecule
process of splitting water, polymers breaking down into monomers
hydrolysis
single, small molecule that acts as a building block
monomer
chemical reaction that removes water to link monomers and form larger molecules
dehydration reaction
primary fuel for cells. form a lot of the structure of cells. contains carbon hydrogen, and oxygen.
carbohydrate
single sugar molecule. simplest form of carbohydrates (i.e glucose, fructose)
monosaccharide
disaccharide
bond that links two sugar molecules together in carbohydrates
glycosidic bond
a carbohydrate used by plants to store energy
starch
simple sugar cells used for energy
glucose
carbohydrate used by animals to store energy
glycogen
carbohydrate that makes up plant cell walls
cellulose
hydrophobic molecules such as fats, oils, and steroids
lipids
long hydrocarbon chains that are components of fats and oils
fatty acids
type of lipid with a ring structure that makes up cell membranes
phospholipid
macromolecule made of amino acids that performs various functions in the body
protein
the bond that links amino acids together in proteins
peptide bond
the building block of protein
amino acid
when a protein loses its shape due to heat or pH, making it nonfunctional
denaturation
macromolecule that stores genetic information (DNA & RNA)
nucleic acid
the building block of nucleic acids. made of sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base.
nucleotide
the bond that links nucleotides together in DNA & RNA
phosphodiester bond
nucleic acid that carries genetic instructions for life
DNA
nucleic acid that helps make proteins based on DNA instructions
RNA
part of a nucleotide that determines genetic code
nitrogenous base
specific pairing of nitrogenous bases (A-T, G-C in DNA; C-G in RNA)
complimentary base pairing
