Chapter 2 - The Chemistry of Biology Flashcards
anything that has mass and takes up space
matter
a bit of matter that cannot be subdivided any further without losing its essential properties
atom
amount of protons. distinguishes one element from another
atomic number
combined weight of protons and neutrons
atomic mass
positive charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus
proton
neutral charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus
neutron
negative charged subatomic particle found surrounding the nucleus in it’s orbital
electron
region around the nucleus
orbital
occurs when bonds are made or broken, changing a substance’s composition
chemical reaction
a substance that cannot be broken down and formed into any other substances
element
exchange of one or more electrons
ionic bond
sharing of electrons between atoms. strong bond
covalent bond
weak bond that holds two or more polar covalent compounds together
hydrogen bond
chemical bond where two atoms share electrons but the sharing is not equal. (tug of war, one side wins)
polar covalent bond
chemical bond where two atoms share electrons equally. (balanced strength)
non-polar covalent bond
groups of atoms held together by bonds
molecule
the molecules in a substance stick together
cohesion
the ‘ingredients’ in a chemical reaction
reactant
compound formed after reactants combine
product
an atom that lost or gained an electron, and now has a positive or negative charge
ion
atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons. same atomic number, different atomic mass
isotope
isotopes with atomic nuclei that are not stable and break down spontaneously
radioactive isotope
