Chapter 3 (midterm) Flashcards
population aging
study of population change
1) the number of older people in a population
2) the median age of a population
3) the proportion of older people in a population
more developed regions
Europe, North America, Australia, Japan and New Zealand
less developed regions
developing regions
china, india, vietnam
least developed regions
49 countries with very low incomes
haiti, bangladesh
birth rate
number of live births per 1000 women
Aging in least developed countriers
- low % of older people in a population
- high birth rates
- need to support a high number of dependent children
- larger older population (& growing)
- AIDS and HIV outbreak in Africa
Aging in less developed countries
- growing (large) older population
- women treated differently
- China’s one child policy led to decreased fertility rate
- longer life expectancy
Aging in the developed countries
- large populations of older people
- growing older populations
- low fertility and death rate
- will place heavy demand on government , communities and support systems
- see increase in healthcare and pension costs
fertility rate
the average number of children that would be born alive to a women during her lifetime.
Canada comes of age
- relatively young aged country
when is a population considered aged
when more then 7% of the population is 65+
Large Scale research
the CLSA is a large, national, long-term study that will follow approx. 50,000 people between the ages of 45-8 for at least 20 years
immigration
- playing smallest role in demographic forces
- 1901-1911 1.5 million people arrived in Canada
- Most of Canada’s immigrants are from Asia and Middle East
death rates
- number of deaths per 1,000 people in population
- by 2008 infant mortality rate dropped to about 0.5%
birth rates
- decline in birth rate is primary cause of population aging
- demographic transition in 1850 when birth rate decreased to approx 30%
baby boom
- the sharp rise in fertility rate in canada from about 1946 to the early 1960s
- birth rate rose from 2.83 to 3.84
- age specific birth rate almost doubled for women under 20 (30.7 >59.7)
baby bust
- the sharp drop in fertility rate from the mid 1960s on
- because of the pill and increased number of women in the workforce
prospective aging
- allows demographers to compare populations with different life expectancies and to compare one society at different points in time as life expectancy increases
- one measure is the number of years of remaining life expectancy after start of old age
old age security pension
Canada’s basic retirement income program which supplements the income of nearly all of the countries older people
guaranteed income supplement
an income supplement program for the poorest older people
allowance
an income supplement program for spouses of pension and have a combined income below a set amount
ethnicity
- immigrants make up a large % of older people
- will lead to larger proportions of non-europeans seniors in the future
geographical mobility
- most Canadian seniors “age in place”
- healthcare needs may force a move
- common time to move is after retirement
- when disability begins causes moves closer to help (family)
- severe disability, move to a nursing home
Increased number and proportion of older women
- death rates for women decrease faster than men
overall dependency ratio
(20-64)
crude dependency ratio
based solely on the number of people in each age group
Ethical issues in research
1) need for informed consent
2) need to guard subjects against harm
3) need to protect individuals privacy
humans maximum life span
120
Canada’s life expectancy
men: 81
women: 84
median age in canada
41.6
population aging statistics
% of pop. over 60
- 1950 9%
- 2017 13%
- 2050 21%
- 2100 28%
centatarians
100+ years old
8,230 in cannda
demographic determinsism
the assumption that population dynamics determine the future of social relations and social institutions
