Chapter 3 Matter and Energy Flashcards
Define matter
It is anything that occupies space and has mass
What is matter composed?
Atom
Define an atom
submicroscopic particles that are the building blocks of
What are atoms bonded together to form?
Molecules
Define molecule
Two or more atoms joined in the specific geometric arrangement
What are the three states of matter?
Liquid solid gas 
What are the characteristics of a solid
It is matter with a fixed shape and volume. The atoms or molecules are packed in fixed locations. There is no transitional movement and atoms move faster.
What differentiates phases of matter
Spacing and mobility
Two types of solid
Fixed and amorphous
What are the characteristics of amorphous?
No long range order it’s disordered
What are the characteristics of a liquid
Matter with fixed, volume but variable shape, the atoms or molecules are close together or in close contact, but I have ttransitional motion incompressible
What are the characteristics of a gas?
Matter with variable, volume and shape and there’s lots of space between the atoms or molecules little contact between the atoms or molecules, and it’s compressible
Define pure substance
Compose the one type of atom or one molecule
Define element
Substance that cannot be broken into other substances
Define compound
Substance is composed of molecules or two or more atoms bonded together
Define mixture
 Substance composed of two or more pure substances, in a fixed proportion
What are the types of mixtures?
Homogeneous mixture and heterogeneous mixture
Define homogeneous mixture, and some examples
The composition of mixture is the same throughout examples of coffee, tea
Define heterogeneous mixture
 Composition of make sure that varies from one area to another. An example is sand or oil and water combination.
Define physical property and list some examples
A property that the substance has without changing its composition. It’s observable and measurable. Some examples are color length density, volume transparency.
Define chemical property and list some examples
Property a substance has by changing its molecular composition, and it will undergo a chemical reaction. Examples are flammability air sensitivity paint fainting with time corrosiveness
Define physical change and some examples
Change in which a chemical reaction does not occur Some examples are cutting paper melting evaporation.
Define chemical change and some examples
Change in which a chemical reaction does occur. Some examples are cooking eggs, rust formation on a nail.
What are some chemical reaction?
Change in color, smell texture, any type of absorption or release
What is the law of conservation of mass?
Matter is neither created or destroyed in a chemical reaction. Matter doesn’t leave it gets converted into another form.
What is the law of conservation of matter?
Matter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction
Define energy
The capacity to do work
Define work
The result of force acting on a distance
What are the two types of energy?
Kinetic and potential energy
Define kinetic energy
Energy that is associated with motion
Define potential energy
Energy that is associated with position
What are other types of energy?
Thermal energy, electric energy, and chemical energy
Define electrical energy
Energy that is associated with the flow of electrical charge
Define thermal energy
Energy that is associated with random motion of items, such as translation, rotation vibration
Define chemical energy
A form of potential energy associated with chemical bonds
Define endothermic
Process of absorbing heat example is evaporation as it converts a liquid to a gas
Define exothermic reaction
Process of releasing heat example was the burning of wood. It’s also the process of condensation gas to liquid.
What is temperature of measurement of
A measurement of thermal energy, which is random motion of atoms and molecules
Is a hotter temperature mean faster motion?
Yes
Define heat
A transfer of thermal energy caused by a difference in temperature between two objects
What is the freezing point of water
32°F, 0°C and 15 Calvin
What is the boiling point of water
212°F 100°C in 373.15 Calvin.
Define specific heat
The amount of heat in joules that is required to raise the temperature of 1 g of a substance by 1°C
