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Earth Science: Hill, Outman > Chapter 3: Matter and Atomic Structure > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Matter and Atomic Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an Element?

A

A pure substance made of only one kind of atom

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2
Q

What is an Atom?

A

The smallest part of an element

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3
Q

What is a Nucleus?

A

Particle with the same mass as a Proton, but no charge

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4
Q

What is a Proton?

A

A subatomic particle that has a positive charge and is found in the nucleus of an atom

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5
Q

What is a Neutron?

A

A subatomic particle that has no charge and is found in the nucleus of an atom

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6
Q

What is an Atomic Number?

A

Number of protons

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7
Q

What is an Electron?

A

A subatomic particle with a negative charge

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8
Q

What is Atomic Mass?

A

Average mass of all the isotopes in an element

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9
Q

What is a Molecule?

A

Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

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10
Q

What is Radioactivity?

A

Process in which some substances spontaneously emit radiation

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11
Q

What is Evaporation?

A

Liquid –> Gas

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12
Q

What is Crystalline Structure?

A

Atoms must be arranged in an organized, repetitive manner

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13
Q

What is Sublimation?

A

Solid –> Gas

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14
Q

What is Plasma?

A

Hot, highly ionized electrically conducting gas

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15
Q

What is Condensation?

A

Gas –> Liquid

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16
Q

What is an Isotope?

A

Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons

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17
Q

What is an Ion?

A

Atom or group of atoms that has a positive/negative charge

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18
Q

What is Matter?

A

Anything that has mass and takes up space

19
Q

What is a Compound?

A

A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds

20
Q

What is a Covalent Bond?

A

A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of of electrons between atoms in a molecule

21
Q

What is an Ionic Bond?

A

A chemical bond in which one atom loses an electron to form a positive ion and the other atom gains an electron to form a negative ion

22
Q

What is a Metallic Bond?

A

A chemical bond in which electrons are shared over many nuclei and electronic conduction occurs.

23
Q

What is a Chemical Reaction?

A

A process in which one or more substances are changed into others

24
Q

What is a Solution?

A

A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances

25
Q

What is an Acid?

A

Any compound that forms H+ ions in a solution

26
Q

What is a Base?

A

Any compound that forms OH- ions in a solution

27
Q

What is a Chemical Bond?

A

The force that holds atoms together.

28
Q

What is all matter made of?

A

Elements, which cannot be broken down into smaller substances

29
Q

What are elements made of?

A

Atoms, which are the smallest particles of an element and has all of the element’s characteristics

30
Q

What do atoms consist of?

A

Center: Nucleus
Inside Nucleus: Protons and Neutrons
Outside Nucleus: Electrons

31
Q

What pH level do acids have?

A

<7 (Less than, low pH)

32
Q

What pH level do bases have?

A

> 7 (More than, high pH)

33
Q

What is a Heterogeneous Mixture?

A

All parts are easily recognizable
Example: Skittles

34
Q

What is a Homogeneous Mixture?

A

Parts cannot be distinguished
Example: Plain cake batter, smoothie

35
Q

What are the states of matter?

A

Solid, liquid, gas, plasma

36
Q

What is a solid (state of matter)?

A

Densely packed particles with a definite shape and volume. Crystalline structures occur when particle are arranged in geometric patterns

37
Q

What is a liquid (state of matter)?

A

Occur when atoms in a solid increase in vibrations causing them to slide past one another. Liquids do not have their own shape, they take the shape of the container

38
Q

What is a gas (state of matter)?

A

When atoms in a liquid increase in vibration and have enough energy to escape the liquid (evaporation)

39
Q

What are the terms for the way matter can change from state to state?

A

Condensation, Evaporation, Melting, Freezing, Sublimation

40
Q

Does condensation release or gain energy?

A

Release

41
Q

Does evaporation release or gain energy?

A

Gain

42
Q

Does melting release or gain energy?

A

Gain

43
Q

Does freezing release or gain energy?

A

Release

44
Q
A

Earth Science: Hill, Outman (4 decks)

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