Chapter 3: Matter and Atomic Structure Flashcards
What is an Element?
A pure substance made of only one kind of atom
What is an Atom?
The smallest part of an element
What is a Nucleus?
Particle with the same mass as a Proton, but no charge
What is a Proton?
A subatomic particle that has a positive charge and is found in the nucleus of an atom
What is a Neutron?
A subatomic particle that has no charge and is found in the nucleus of an atom
What is an Atomic Number?
Number of protons
What is an Electron?
A subatomic particle with a negative charge
What is Atomic Mass?
Average mass of all the isotopes in an element
What is a Molecule?
Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
What is Radioactivity?
Process in which some substances spontaneously emit radiation
What is Evaporation?
Liquid –> Gas
What is Crystalline Structure?
Atoms must be arranged in an organized, repetitive manner
What is Sublimation?
Solid –> Gas
What is Plasma?
Hot, highly ionized electrically conducting gas
What is Condensation?
Gas –> Liquid
What is an Isotope?
Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
What is an Ion?
Atom or group of atoms that has a positive/negative charge
What is Matter?
Anything that has mass and takes up space
What is a Compound?
A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds
What is a Covalent Bond?
A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of of electrons between atoms in a molecule
What is an Ionic Bond?
A chemical bond in which one atom loses an electron to form a positive ion and the other atom gains an electron to form a negative ion
What is a Metallic Bond?
A chemical bond in which electrons are shared over many nuclei and electronic conduction occurs.
What is a Chemical Reaction?
A process in which one or more substances are changed into others
What is a Solution?
A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances
What is an Acid?
Any compound that forms H+ ions in a solution
What is a Base?
Any compound that forms OH- ions in a solution
What is a Chemical Bond?
The force that holds atoms together.
What is all matter made of?
Elements, which cannot be broken down into smaller substances
What are elements made of?
Atoms, which are the smallest particles of an element and has all of the element’s characteristics
What do atoms consist of?
Center: Nucleus
Inside Nucleus: Protons and Neutrons
Outside Nucleus: Electrons
What pH level do acids have?
<7 (Less than, low pH)
What pH level do bases have?
> 7 (More than, high pH)
What is a Heterogeneous Mixture?
All parts are easily recognizable
Example: Skittles
What is a Homogeneous Mixture?
Parts cannot be distinguished
Example: Plain cake batter, smoothie
What are the states of matter?
Solid, liquid, gas, plasma
What is a solid (state of matter)?
Densely packed particles with a definite shape and volume. Crystalline structures occur when particle are arranged in geometric patterns
What is a liquid (state of matter)?
Occur when atoms in a solid increase in vibrations causing them to slide past one another. Liquids do not have their own shape, they take the shape of the container
What is a gas (state of matter)?
When atoms in a liquid increase in vibration and have enough energy to escape the liquid (evaporation)
What are the terms for the way matter can change from state to state?
Condensation, Evaporation, Melting, Freezing, Sublimation
Does condensation release or gain energy?
Release
Does evaporation release or gain energy?
Gain
Does melting release or gain energy?
Gain
Does freezing release or gain energy?
Release
