Chapter 3, Lesson 1: What Is Life? Flashcards
What are the characteristics of all living things?
All living things have a cellular organization, contain similar chemicals, use energy, respond to their surroundings, grow and develop, and reproduce.
All living things are made up of small building building blocks called what?
Cells.
Organisms that are composed of many cells are also referred as what?
Multicellular.
What are single celled organisms called?
Unicellular organisms.
What is the most abundant chemical in cells?
Water.
What chemical is a cells main energy source?
Carbohydrates.
What two chemicals are the building materials of cells?
Proteins and lipids.
What are the genetic material of cells, or the chemical instructions, cells need to carry out the functions of life?
Nucleic acids.
What are the main five chemicals that make up cells in living things?
Water, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
What is a change in an organisms surroundings that causes the organism to react?
Stimulus.
What is an action or change in behavior?
Response.
What is the process of change that occurs during an organisms life, producing a more complex organism?
Development.
What are the two main ways an organism reproduces?
Asexual and sexual.
What kind of reproduction involves only one parent and produces offspring that are I denticle to the parent?
Asexual reproduction.
What type of reproduction involves two parents and combines genetic material to produce a new organism that differs from both parents?
Sexual reproduction.
Where do living things come from?
Living things arise from other living things through reproduction.
When a scientist carries out a series of tests that are identical in every respect except for one factor what is this called?
Controlled experiment.
Who designed a controlled experiment to show that maggots, which develop into new flies, do not arise from decaying meat?
Francesco Redi.
What was the mistaken idea that living things can arise from nonliving sources?
Spontaneous generation.
What French chemist who lived in the mid-1800s designed another experiment to test spontaneous generation?
Louis Pasteurs.
What do living things need to survive?
All living things must satisfy their basic needs for food, water, living space, and stable internal conditions.
What are organisms that make their own food called?
Autotrophs.
Organisms that cannot make their own food are called what?
Heterotrophs.
What are some examples of heterotrophs?
Animals, mushrooms, and slime.
Why do organisms need water?
Organisms need water to obtain chemicals from their surroundings, break down food, grow, move substances within their bodies, and reproduce.
Why do organisms need living space?
It provides a place to get food and water and find shelter.
What is the maintenance of stable internal conditions?
Homeostasis.
What does homeostasis do?
Homeostasis keeps internal conditions just right for your cells to function.
