Chapter 3/ lab 2 Flashcards

Question

# chapter 3 lecture describe cystic fibrosis

Answer 1

a hereditary disease that does not install choride pumps in plasma membrane. A saline layer exist due t the action of chloride pumps moving chloride out if cells the thick mucus created by the disease plugs pancreatic ducts snd rerspiratory tract digestion of nutrients becomes inadequate and absorption of oxygen chronic respitory infections life expectancy of 30 | no pumps in membrane then no saline layer that gets created by pumps

Answer 2

sperm tail and functional, moves like snake, longer than cilia and has no recovery stroke

Answer 3

a barrier and a gateway betwen the cytoplasm and ECF and has a selective permeable

Answer 4

it requires not atp but uses random molecular motion of particles provides energy provides filtration diffusion and osmosis

Answer 5

consumes atp and includes active transport and vesicular transport

Answer 6

it uses membrane protein to transport substances from one side of the membrane to the other side

Answer 7

particles are driven trhough selectively permeable membrane by hydrostatic pressure ex. filtration of nutrients through gap blood capillary walls into tissue, also waste from blood in the kidneys while holding back cells and proteins | hydrostatic pressure (force exerted on a membrane by water)

Answer 8

the net movement of particles from area of high concentrion to area of low or movement down the concentration gradient | this is due to constant spontaneous motion

Answer 9

temp increase= particle movement increase molecular movement=bigger means slower steepness concentrated gradient-the bigger the difference the faster the rate. membrane surface area- the greater the surface area the faster the rate membrane permeability-the more permeable the ion the high the rate. cells can change their permeability by adding channel proteins, or opening and closing gates

Answer 10

nonpolar, hydrophobic, lipid soluble substances

Answer 11

water, charged hydrophilic solutes

Answer 12

channel proteins specialized for passage of water

Answer 13

ability of a solution to affect fluid volume and pressure in a cell

Answer 14

there is too much water in cell and it swells then bursts

Answer 15

cell dries and looses water then crenates

Answer 16

concentrations in cell and icf are the same

Answer 17

they are proteins that are specific to a ligand (molecule). Solute Binds to specific receptor site on carrier protein

Answer 18

facilitated diffusion and active transport

Answer 19

a carrier mediated transport of solute through a membrane down its concetration gradient from high to low does not consume atp | ex.uniport, symport, antiport

Answer 20

uses atp, transports against it's gradient, from low to high | ex. Na/K pump pump C+ out of cell bringing amino acids in cell antiport

Answer 21

uniport (carriers on solute at a time) symport(carries 2 or more solutes simultaneously in the same direction called cotransport) antiport (carries 2 or more solutes in opposite directions called countertransport ex. sodium potassium pumps

Answer 22

3 sodiums come out while adding 2 na into the cell | keeps K+ higher and Na+ lowere in the ecf

Answer 23

bubble like enclosures of plasma membrane material that move particles , fluid droplets, other molecules consumes ATP

Answer 24

brings material into the cell

Answer 25

phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor mediated endocytosis

Answer 26

it is cell eating of large particles | examples are pseudopods, phagosomes, and macrophages

Answer 27

it is cell drinking, taking droplets of ECF containing molecules into the cell | example of one is pinocytic vesicle

Answer 28

particles bind to specific receptors on plasma membrane | example of one clathrin coated vesicle

Answer 29

discharging of material by the atp by fusing with secretory vesicle into the plasma membrane | addition of more plasma membrane is removed by endocytosis. homeostasis

Answer 30

has organelles, cytoskeleton and inclusion embedded in gelatinous cytosol

Answer 31

internal structures that carry out specialized metobilic task

Answer 32

oraganelles surrounded by a distinict membrane in 1 or 2 layers | ex. nucleus, mitichondria, lysosome, peroxisome, E.Rn and golgi complex

Answer 33

microfiliments, intermediate filaments and microtubules that support organelles

Answer 34

store cellular components and fat droplets

Answer 35

largest organelle, some have no nucleus call anuclear and others mave many caled multinecleate

Answer 36

a 2 unit membran that surrounds nucleus, it is perforated by nuclear pores by rings of proteins regulates molecular traffic

Answer 37

the material suspending things in the nucleus. has chromatin composed of dna and protein, has nucleoli. one or more dark masses where ribosomes are produced

Answer 38

a system of interconnected channels called cisternae enclosed by unit membrane

Answer 39

conitniuous with outer membrane of nuclear envelope with ribosome that produces the phospholipid and protein of the plasma membrane and synthesizes proteins that are packaged in other organelles or secreted from cell

Answer 40

lacks ribosomes, cisternae more tubular and branching and though to be continous with those of rough er. sythersizes steroids and the other lipids. detoxifies alcohol and other drugs manufactures all membranes of the cell

Answer 41

small granules of protein and rna found in nucleoli, cytosol, outer surface of er and the nuclear envelope reads code messages (mrna) and assemble amino acids into protein specific by code

Answer 42

a small system of cisternae that synthesize carbohydrates puts finishing touches on protein and glycoprotein synthesis recieves new protein from rough er then changes it around then packages into membrane bound golgi vesicle | some become lysosomes, plasma membrane (fusion), or secretory vesicles

Answer 43

package of enzymes bound by a single unit membrane, intracellular hydrolytic digestion. digests of proteins, nucleic acids, complex carbohydrates, phospholopids and other substance

Answer 44

digest and disposes of worn out mitochondria and other organelles | a lysosome

Answer 45

cell suicide, some cells are meant to do a certain job and then destroy tehmselves | a lysosome

Answer 46

resembles lysosome, contain different enzymes and not produced by golgi complex used for molecular oxygen to oxidized organic molecules to produce hydrogen peroxide h202 catalase breaks dow excess peroxide to h20 and 02 neutralize free radicals detoxify alcohol , other drugs and a variety of blood borne toxins breaks fatty accids into acetyl groups for mitochondrail use in at sysnthesis. abundant in liver and kidney

Answer 47

synthesizes atp has a double unit membrane has folds called cristae spaces between cristae are called matrix matrix contains rbosomes, enzymes used for atp synthesis and small circular mDNA energy is extracted from organic molecules and transferred to atp

Answer 48

a short cylindrical assembly of microtubles arranged in nine groups of 3 microtubules each the centrosome plays in cell division

Answer 49

they deterine the shape of the cell, structural support, contributes to movement composed of microfiliments ( a protein called actin forms a network on the cytoplamsic side called terminal web ( membrane skeleton)

Answer 50

thicker and stiffer than microfiliments resists stress placed on cell paricipates junctions to attach cells to their neighbors

Answer 51

cylinders made of 13 parallel strands called protofiliments

Answer 52

they are 2 types 1.stored cellular products (glycogen granules, pigments and fat droplets) 2.foreign bodies ( virues, intracellur bacteria , and dust particles debris phagocytized by cell