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A&P I at Bmcc > Chapter 1/Atlas A (lab 1) > Flashcards

Chapter 1/Atlas A (lab 1) Flashcards

1
Q

1.1 Anatomy-The Study of Form

What is Antomy?

A

The study of structure

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2
Q

1.1 Anatomy-The Study of Form

What is physiology

A

The study of function

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3
Q

1.1 Anatomy-The Study of Form

Define inspection

A

simlpy looking at the body’s appearance

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4
Q

1.1 Anatomy-The Study of Form

define palpation

A

feeling a structure with hands, like taking a pulse

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5
Q

1.1 Anatomy-The Study of Form

define ausculation

A

listening to the natural sounds by the body, such as the lungs.

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6
Q

1.1 Anatomy-The Study of Form

cadaver ** dissection**

A

carefully cutting and separating tissues to reveal their relationships

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7
Q

1.1 Anatomy-The Study of Form

What is comparative anatomy?

A

study of the similarities and differences of many species to analyze evolutionary trends

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8
Q

1.1 Anatomy-The Study of Form

what is **exploratory surgery **

A

opening the body and taking a look inside to see what is wrong and what can be done about it.

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9
Q

1.1 Anatomy-The Study of Form

define medical imaging

A

Methods of viewing the inside of the body without surgery

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10
Q

1.1 Anatomy-The Study of Form

radiology is a branch of medicine concerned with what?

A

imaging

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11
Q

1.1 Anatomy-The Study of Form

gross anatomy is what?

A

a way of seeing structures with the naked eye

seeing by observation, radiology, or dissection

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12
Q

1.1 Anatomy-The Study of Form

Histology deals with?

also called microscope anatomy

A

observartions of thinly slice tissue specimens under a microscope

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13
Q

1.1 Anatomy-The Study of Form

histopathology exams what under the microscope?

A

exams tissues for signs of diseases

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14
Q

1.1 Anatomy-The Study of Form

cytology deals with

A

the study of structure and function of individual cells

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15
Q

1.1 Anatomy-The Study of Form

ultrastructure refers to what?

A

It refers to the fine detail, down to the molecular level revealed by the electron microscope

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16
Q

1.1 Anatomy-The Study of Form

what are some subdisciplines?

A

neurophysiology (physiology of the nervous sytem)
endocrinology (physiology of hormones
pathology (mechanism of disease

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17
Q

1.1b Physiology-study of function

what is comparative physiology

A

the study of how different spiecies solved lifes problems through function. We use this since there limits on human experiment. This is the basis for the development of new drugs and medical procedures.

problems such as breathing, water balance, reproduction

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18
Q

1.2b the origins of biomedical science

what did mathias scleiden and theodor schwann conclude?

A

that cells composed all organism and all function are interpreted as effects of cellura activity

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19
Q

1.3a the hypothetico-deductive method

what is a sceintic fact

A

info that can be independently verified by a trained person

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20
Q

1.4 human origins and adaptations

who is charles darwin

A

wrote the “origin of species by natural selection” describes how evolution works which changed our vierw of our origin and the “descent of man” human evolution

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21
Q

1.4a evolution, selcetion, and adaption

what is evolution?

A

A change in genetic composition of a population of organisms

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22
Q

1.4a evolution, selcetion, and adaption

what is selection pressures?

A

natutral forces that promote reproductive success of some more than others

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23
Q

1.4a evolution, selcetion, and adaption

what is adaptions

A

anatomical, or physiological features or behaviors that evolve in response to these selection pressues

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24
Q

1.6a Characteristics of life

list the characteristics of life

A

organization, cellular compostion, meabolism,responsivness and movement (stimuli reaction), homeostasis, growth and development, reproduction, evolution

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25
# 1.6c negative feedback and homeostasis describe homeostasis
the ability to detect change, activate mechansims that oppose it to main stable internal conditions.
26
# 1.6c negative feedback and homeostasis What are dynamic equilibrium and and set point
a set point is an average value . Homeostasis fluctuates around this point, this is called dynamic equilibrium
27
# 1.6c negative feedback and homeostasis describe negative feedback
process when a body sense a change and activates mechanisms that negate or reverse it to maintain health.
28
# 1.6c negative feedback and homeostasis describe feedback loops
biological occurrence where the output of a system amplifies the system (positive feedback) or inhibits the system (negative feedback).
29
# 1.6c negative feedback and homeostasis describe vasodilation
blood vessels expand (dilate) which allos for blood to flow closer to body surface to loose heat for cooling
30
# 1.6c negative feedback and homeostasis describe vasoconstriction
narrowing of the blood vessels to retain warm blood deep in body and reduce heat loss
31
# 1.6c negative feedback and homeostasis what is a receptor?
structure that sense change
32
# 1.6c negative feedback and homeostasis what is integrating control center
a mechanism that process info, relates it to other available info and makes a response with what it should be
33
# 1.6c negative feedback and homeostasis what is the effector
the cell or organ that carries out the final corrective action
34
# 1.6d positive feedback and rapid change describe positive feed back
a self amplyfing cycle in which physical change leads to greater change instead of producing corrective effects
35
# Atlas A lecture online What is the anatomical position?
person stands erect, feet flat, arms at sides. Palms face and eyes facing foward
36
# Atlas A lecture online define section
actual cut or slice to reveal internal anatomy
37
# Atlas A lecture online define plane
imaginary flat surface passing through through body
38
# Atlas A lecture online what is medium ( midsagittal) plane?
divides organ or body into equal halves
39
# Atlas A lecture online define posterior/dorsal
to be behind or todwards the spine
40
# Atlas A lecture online define anterior/ ventral
to be towards the front or towards the front of the belly
41
# Atlas A lecture online superior vs inferior?
superior means to be above while inferior means to be below
42
# Atlas A lecture online proximal vs distal
proximal means to the be closer to the body part you are referring to. Distal means to be the furtherst when compared to someting closer
43
# Atlas A lecture online medial vs lateral
means to be closer to the medial plane of body parts vs being away from it
44
# Atlas A lecture online what are intermediate directions?
they are combinations of directions
45
# Atlas A lecture online what does anterior and posterior mean in animals
anterior means the head end and posterior means the tail end
46
# Atlas A lecture online the axial region consists of
the head, neck and trunk
47
# Atlas A lecture online where is the thoracic region ?
trunk above diapragm
48
# Atlas A lecture online what is the abdominal region?
trunk below the diaphragm divided into quadrants and further divided into 9 regions by tic tac toe grid
49
# Atlas A lecture online what is appendicular region
upper and lower limbs
50
# Atlas A lecture online What does the upper limb include
arm (brachial region),forearm (antebrachial region), wrist (carpal region), hand (manual region ), fingers (digits)
51
# Atlas A lecture online what is included in the lower limbs
thigh (femoral region), leg (crural region), ankle (tarsal region, foot (pedal region, toes (digits)
52
# Atlas A lecture online what lines the bodies cavities and what is it filled with?
The serous membrane lines it and it is filled witn viscera
53
# Atlas A lecture online what does the cranial cavity contain and what is it lined with ?
contains the brain and it is lined with the meninges
54
# Atlas A lecture online what does the vertebral canal contain? what lines it?
it contains the spinal chord and the meninges
55
# Atlas A lecture online where is the mediastinum? and what does it contain?
it is the region between the lungs that hold the heart , major blood vessels, esophagus, trachea, and thymus
56
# Atlas A lecture online what are the 11 organ system
muscular, respiratory, digestive, integumentary, circulatory, endocrine, reproduction, lymphatic, urinary, nervous, skeletal system ## Footnote mr. dice runs + lymphatic system
57
# Atlas A lecture online which system provides protection, supprt and movement?
skeletal, muscular and the integumenty system
58
# Atlas A lecture online which sytem supports internal communications and integration
nervous sytem, endocrine system
59
# Atlas A lecture online which supports fluid transport
circulatory system and the lymphatic system
60
# Atlas A lecture online which aides with defense?
immune or the lymphatic system
61
# Atlas A lecture online which is the input and ouput systems
respirastory, urinary, and the digestive system
62
# Atlas A lecture online which system deals with reproduction?
the reproduction systems
63
# Atlas A lecture online Wha are the organs in the integumentary system and it's function?
organs, skin, hair, nails, cutaneous glands. function: protects, water retention, thermoregulation, vit d synth, cutaneous sensation, non verbal communication
64
# Atlas A lecture online what are the organs in skeletal system and it's function
organs; bones cartilage and ligaments function; support, movement, blood formation, electrolyte abd acid base balance, protective enclosure or viscera
65
# Atlas A lecture online what are the organs in the muscular system and it's function
organs; skeletal muscles functions; movement, stability, communication, control of body openings, heat production
66
# Atlas A lecture online what are the organs of the lymphatic system and it's function ## Footnote also goes by the immune system
organs; lymth nodes, lymphatic vessels, thymus, spleen , tonsils function; recover of excess tissue fluid, detection of pathogens, production, of immune cells, defense against disease
67
# Atlas A lecture online organs of the respiratory system and it's function
organs; nose pharynx, larynx, trachae, bronchi, lungs function; absorbs o2, discharges co2, acid/base balance, speech
68
# Atlas A lecture online organs of the urinary system and it's function
organ; kidneys ureters, uninary bladder urethra function; waste disposal, regulation of blood volume/ pressure. Stimulates R.B .C formation. controls fluid/electrolye/ acid-base balance. detoxifies
69
# Atlas A lecture online organs of the nervous system and it's function
organs; brain, spinal cord, nerves, ganglia function; internal communication, coordination, motor control and sensation
70
# Atlas A lecture online organ's of endrocrin system and it's function
organs;pituitary/pineal/thyroid/parathyroid/thymus/adrenal glands, pancreas, testes, ovaries function;hormone production, internl chemical communication and coordination
71
# Atlas A lecture online organs of the circulatory system and it's function
organs; heart and blood vessels function; distribution of nutrients, oxygen waste, hormones, electrolytes, heat, innume cells, antibodies, fluid, electrolyte, and acid/base balance
72
# Atlas A lecture online organs of the digestive system and it's function
organs; teeth, tongue, salivary glands, esophogus,stomach, live, gallbladder, pancreas function; nutrients breakdown and absorption, liver function such as metabolism, carbs, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals. Synthesis of plasma proteins, disposal of drugs, toxins and hormones; and cleansing blood
73
# Atlas A lecture online organs in male repro system and function
organs;testes, epidiymides, spermatic ducts, seminal vesical, prostate glands bulbourethral glands, peens function; producation and delivery of sperm and secretion of sex hormones
74
# Atlas A lecture online organs in the female repo system and function
organs; ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina,mammary glands function;production of eggs, site of the fertilization and fetal development, fetal nourishment, birth, lactation, secretion of sex hormones
75
# chapter 1 lecture who is rober hooke?
made many improvements to the compound microscrope (2 lenses) named cells
76
# chapter 1 lecture what did antony van leeuwenhoek
invented a simple single lens microscope. magnify up to 200x published observations of blood, lake water, sperm, bacteria, from, tooth scrapings and many things
77
# chapter 1 lecture law of nature
generaliztion about the predictable way matter and energy behave
78
# chapter 1 lecture what is a theory
an explanatory statement or set of statements derived from facts and confimed hypothesis
79
# chapter 1 lecture what are some bipedals tHat existed
australopiithecus, homo genus, homo erectus,
80
# chapter 1 lecture what are a atomical variations
no 2 humans are exactly alike. 70% share similar structures, 30% anatomical variants. | missing muscle, extra vertebrae, renal arteries
81
# chapter 1 lecture what are the names of organ locations
situs solitus, situs inversus, dextrocardia, situs perversus
82
# chapter 1 lecture what does claude bernard contribute?
says that internal conditions are constant regardless of external condition
83
# chapter 1 lecture what does walter cannon contribute?
cointed the term homeostasis states that body fluctuates (dynamic quilibrium) within limited range around set point loss of homeostatic control causes illness or death

A&P I at Bmcc (3 decks)

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