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A&P I at Bmcc > Chapter 1/Atlas A (lab 1) > Flashcards

Chapter 1/Atlas A (lab 1) Flashcards

1
Q

1.1 Anatomy-The Study of Form

What is Antomy?

A

The study of structure

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2
Q

1.1 Anatomy-The Study of Form

What is physiology

A

The study of function

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3
Q

1.1 Anatomy-The Study of Form

Define inspection

A

simlpy looking at the body’s appearance

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4
Q

1.1 Anatomy-The Study of Form

define palpation

A

feeling a structure with hands, like taking a pulse

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5
Q

1.1 Anatomy-The Study of Form

define ausculation

A

listening to the natural sounds by the body, such as the lungs.

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6
Q

1.1 Anatomy-The Study of Form

cadaver ** dissection**

A

carefully cutting and separating tissues to reveal their relationships

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7
Q

1.1 Anatomy-The Study of Form

What is comparative anatomy?

A

study of the similarities and differences of many species to analyze evolutionary trends

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8
Q

1.1 Anatomy-The Study of Form

what is **exploratory surgery **

A

opening the body and taking a look inside to see what is wrong and what can be done about it.

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9
Q

1.1 Anatomy-The Study of Form

define medical imaging

A

Methods of viewing the inside of the body without surgery

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10
Q

1.1 Anatomy-The Study of Form

radiology is a branch of medicine concerned with what?

A

imaging

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11
Q

1.1 Anatomy-The Study of Form

gross anatomy is what?

A

a way of seeing structures with the naked eye

seeing by observation, radiology, or dissection

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12
Q

1.1 Anatomy-The Study of Form

Histology deals with?

also called microscope anatomy

A

observartions of thinly slice tissue specimens under a microscope

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13
Q

1.1 Anatomy-The Study of Form

histopathology exams what under the microscope?

A

exams tissues for signs of diseases

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14
Q

1.1 Anatomy-The Study of Form

cytology deals with

A

the study of structure and function of individual cells

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15
Q

1.1 Anatomy-The Study of Form

ultrastructure refers to what?

A

It refers to the fine detail, down to the molecular level revealed by the electron microscope

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16
Q

1.1 Anatomy-The Study of Form

what are some subdisciplines?

A

neurophysiology (physiology of the nervous sytem)
endocrinology (physiology of hormones
pathology (mechanism of disease

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17
Q

1.1b Physiology-study of function

what is comparative physiology

A

the study of how different spiecies solved lifes problems through function. We use this since there limits on human experiment. This is the basis for the development of new drugs and medical procedures.

problems such as breathing, water balance, reproduction

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18
Q

1.2b the origins of biomedical science

what did mathias scleiden and theodor schwann conclude?

A

that cells composed all organism and all function are interpreted as effects of cellura activity

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19
Q

1.3a the hypothetico-deductive method

what is a sceintic fact

A

info that can be independently verified by a trained person

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20
Q

1.4 human origins and adaptations

who is charles darwin

A

wrote the “origin of species by natural selection” describes how evolution works which changed our vierw of our origin and the “descent of man” human evolution

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21
Q

1.4a evolution, selcetion, and adaption

what is evolution?

A

A change in genetic composition of a population of organisms

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22
Q

1.4a evolution, selcetion, and adaption

what is selection pressures?

A

natutral forces that promote reproductive success of some more than others

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23
Q

1.4a evolution, selcetion, and adaption

what is adaptions

A

anatomical, or physiological features or behaviors that evolve in response to these selection pressues

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24
Q

1.6a Characteristics of life

list the characteristics of life

A

organization, cellular compostion, meabolism,responsivness and movement (stimuli reaction), homeostasis, growth and development, reproduction, evolution

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25
Q

1.6c negative feedback and homeostasis

describe homeostasis

A

the ability to detect change, activate mechansims that oppose it to main stable internal conditions.

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26
Q

1.6c negative feedback and homeostasis

What are dynamic equilibrium and and set point

A

a set point is an average value . Homeostasis fluctuates around this point, this is called dynamic equilibrium

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27
Q

1.6c negative feedback and homeostasis

describe negative feedback

A

process when a body sense a change and activates mechanisms that negate or reverse it to maintain health.

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28
Q

1.6c negative feedback and homeostasis

describe feedback loops

A

biological occurrence where the output of a system amplifies the system (positive feedback) or inhibits the system (negative feedback).

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29
Q

1.6c negative feedback and homeostasis

describe vasodilation

A

blood vessels expand (dilate) which allos for blood to flow closer to body surface to loose heat for cooling

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30
Q

1.6c negative feedback and homeostasis

describe vasoconstriction

A

narrowing of the blood vessels to retain warm blood deep in body and reduce heat loss

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31
Q

1.6c negative feedback and homeostasis

what is a receptor?

A

structure that sense change

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32
Q

1.6c negative feedback and homeostasis

what is integrating control center

A

a mechanism that process info, relates it to other available info and makes a response with what it should be

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33
Q

1.6c negative feedback and homeostasis

what is the effector

A

the cell or organ that carries out the final corrective action

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34
Q

1.6d positive feedback and rapid change

describe positive feed back

A

a self amplyfing cycle in which physical change leads to greater change instead of producing corrective effects

35
Q

Atlas A lecture online

What is the anatomical position?

A

person stands erect, feet flat, arms at sides. Palms face and eyes facing foward

36
Q

Atlas A lecture online

define section

A

actual cut or slice to reveal internal anatomy

37
Q

Atlas A lecture online

define plane

A

imaginary flat surface passing through through body

38
Q

Atlas A lecture online

what is medium ( midsagittal) plane?

A

divides organ or body into equal halves

39
Q

Atlas A lecture online

define posterior/dorsal

A

to be behind or todwards the spine

40
Q

Atlas A lecture online

define anterior/ ventral

A

to be towards the front or towards the front of the belly

41
Q

Atlas A lecture online

superior vs inferior?

A

superior means to be above while inferior means to be below

42
Q

Atlas A lecture online

proximal vs distal

A

proximal means to the be closer to the body part you are referring to. Distal means to be the furtherst when compared to someting closer

43
Q

Atlas A lecture online

medial vs lateral

A

means to be closer to the medial plane of body parts vs being away from it

44
Q

Atlas A lecture online

what are intermediate directions?

A

they are combinations of directions

45
Q

Atlas A lecture online

what does anterior and posterior mean in animals

A

anterior means the head end and posterior means the tail end

46
Q

Atlas A lecture online

the axial region consists of

A

the head, neck and trunk

47
Q

Atlas A lecture online

where is the thoracic region ?

A

trunk above diapragm

48
Q

Atlas A lecture online

what is the abdominal region?

A

trunk below the diaphragm
divided into quadrants and further divided into 9 regions by tic tac toe grid

49
Q

Atlas A lecture online

what is appendicular region

A

upper and lower limbs

50
Q

Atlas A lecture online

What does the upper limb include

A

arm (brachial region),forearm (antebrachial region), wrist (carpal region), hand (manual region ), fingers (digits)

51
Q

Atlas A lecture online

what is included in the lower limbs

A

thigh (femoral region), leg (crural region), ankle (tarsal region, foot (pedal region, toes (digits)

52
Q

Atlas A lecture online

what lines the bodies cavities and what is it filled with?

A

The serous membrane lines it and it is filled witn viscera

53
Q

Atlas A lecture online

what does the cranial cavity contain and what is it lined with ?

A

contains the brain and it is lined with the meninges

54
Q

Atlas A lecture online

what does the vertebral canal
contain? what lines it?

A

it contains the spinal chord and the meninges

55
Q

Atlas A lecture online

where is the mediastinum? and what does it contain?

A

it is the region between the lungs that hold the heart , major blood vessels, esophagus, trachea, and thymus

56
Q

Atlas A lecture online

what are the 11 organ system

A

muscular, respiratory, digestive, integumentary, circulatory, endocrine, reproduction, lymphatic, urinary, nervous, skeletal system

mr. dice runs + lymphatic system

57
Q

Atlas A lecture online

which system provides protection, supprt and movement?

A

skeletal, muscular and the integumenty system

58
Q

Atlas A lecture online

which sytem supports internal communications and integration

A

nervous sytem, endocrine system

59
Q

Atlas A lecture online

which supports fluid transport

A

circulatory system and the lymphatic system

60
Q

Atlas A lecture online

which aides with defense?

A

immune or the lymphatic system

61
Q

Atlas A lecture online

which is the input and ouput systems

A

respirastory, urinary, and the digestive system

62
Q

Atlas A lecture online

which system deals with reproduction?

A

the reproduction systems

63
Q

Atlas A lecture online

Wha are the organs in the integumentary system and it’s function?

A

organs, skin, hair, nails, cutaneous glands.
function: protects, water retention, thermoregulation, vit d synth, cutaneous sensation, non verbal communication

64
Q

Atlas A lecture online

what are the organs in skeletal system and it’s function

A

organs; bones cartilage and ligaments
function; support, movement, blood formation, electrolyte abd acid base balance, protective enclosure or viscera

65
Q

Atlas A lecture online

what are the organs in the muscular system and it’s function

A

organs; skeletal muscles
functions; movement, stability, communication, control of body openings, heat production

66
Q

Atlas A lecture online

what are the organs of the lymphatic system and it’s function

also goes by the immune system

A

organs; lymth nodes, lymphatic vessels, thymus, spleen , tonsils
function; recover of excess tissue fluid, detection of pathogens, production, of immune cells, defense against disease

67
Q

Atlas A lecture online

organs of the respiratory system and it’s function

A

organs; nose pharynx, larynx, trachae, bronchi, lungs
function; absorbs o2, discharges co2, acid/base balance, speech

68
Q

Atlas A lecture online

organs of the urinary system and it’s function

A

organ; kidneys ureters, uninary bladder urethra
function; waste disposal, regulation of blood volume/ pressure. Stimulates R.B .C formation. controls fluid/electrolye/ acid-base balance. detoxifies

69
Q

Atlas A lecture online

organs of the nervous system and it’s function

A

organs; braind, spinal cord, nerves, ganglia
function; internal communication, coordination, motor control and sensation

70
Q

Atlas A lecture online

organ’s of endrocrin system and it’s function

A

organs;pituitary/pineal/thyroid/parathyroid/thymus/adrenal glands, pancreas, testes, ovaries
function;hormone production, internl chemical communication and coordination

71
Q

Atlas A lecture online

organs of the circulatory system and it’s function

A

organs; heart and blood vessels
function; distribution of nutrients, oxygen waste, hormones, electrolytes, heat, innume cells, antibodies, fluid, electrolyte, and acid/base balance

72
Q

Atlas A lecture online

organs of the digestive system and it’s function

A

organs; teeth, tongue, salivary glands, esophogus,stomach, live, gallbladder, pancreas
function; nutrients breakdown and absorption, liver function such as metabolism, carbs, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals. Synthesis of plasma proteins, disposal of drugs, toxins and hormones; and cleansing blood

73
Q

Atlas A lecture online

organs in male repro system and function

A

organs;testes, epidiymides, spermatic ducts, seminal vesical, prostate glands bulbourethral glands, peens
function; producation and delivery of sperm and secretion of sex hormones

74
Q

Atlas A lecture online

organs in the female repo system and function

A

organs; ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina,mammary glands
function;production of eggs, site of the fertilization and fetal development, fetal nourishment, birth, lactation, secretion of sex hormones

75
Q

chapter 1 lecture

who is rober hooke?

A

made many improvements to the compound microscrope (2 lenses)
named cells

76
Q

chapter 1 lecture

what did antony van leeuwenhoek

A

invented a simple single lens microscope.
magnify up to 200x
published observations of blood, lake water, sperm, bacteria, from, tooth scrapings and many things

77
Q

chapter 1 lecture

law of nature

A

generaliztion about the predictable way matter and energy behave

78
Q

chapter 1 lecture

what is a theory

A

an explanatory statement or set of statements derived from facts and confimed hypothesis

79
Q

chapter 1 lecture

what are some bipedals tHat existed

A

australopiithecus, homo genus, homo erectus,

80
Q

chapter 1 lecture

what are a atomical variations

A

no 2 humans are exactly alike. 70% share similar structures, 30% anatomical variants.

missing muscle, extra vertebrae, renal arteries

81
Q

chapter 1 lecture

what are the names of organ locations

A

situs solitus, situs inversus, dextrocardia, situs perversus

82
Q

chapter 1 lecture

what does claude bernard contribute?

A

says that internal conditions are constant regardless of external condition

83
Q

chapter 1 lecture

what does walter cannon contribute?

A

cointed the term homeostasis
states that body fluctuates (dynamic quilibrium) within limited range around set point
loss of homeostatic control causes illness or death

A&P I at Bmcc (2 decks)

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