Chapter 1/Atlas A (lab 1) Flashcards
1.1 Anatomy-The Study of Form
What is Antomy?
The study of structure
1.1 Anatomy-The Study of Form
What is physiology
The study of function
1.1 Anatomy-The Study of Form
Define inspection
simlpy looking at the body’s appearance
1.1 Anatomy-The Study of Form
define palpation
feeling a structure with hands, like taking a pulse
1.1 Anatomy-The Study of Form
define ausculation
listening to the natural sounds by the body, such as the lungs.
1.1 Anatomy-The Study of Form
cadaver ** dissection**
carefully cutting and separating tissues to reveal their relationships
1.1 Anatomy-The Study of Form
What is comparative anatomy?
study of the similarities and differences of many species to analyze evolutionary trends
1.1 Anatomy-The Study of Form
what is **exploratory surgery **
opening the body and taking a look inside to see what is wrong and what can be done about it.
1.1 Anatomy-The Study of Form
define medical imaging
Methods of viewing the inside of the body without surgery
1.1 Anatomy-The Study of Form
radiology is a branch of medicine concerned with what?
imaging
1.1 Anatomy-The Study of Form
gross anatomy is what?
a way of seeing structures with the naked eye
seeing by observation, radiology, or dissection
1.1 Anatomy-The Study of Form
Histology deals with?
also called microscope anatomy
observartions of thinly slice tissue specimens under a microscope
1.1 Anatomy-The Study of Form
histopathology exams what under the microscope?
exams tissues for signs of diseases
1.1 Anatomy-The Study of Form
cytology deals with
the study of structure and function of individual cells
1.1 Anatomy-The Study of Form
ultrastructure refers to what?
It refers to the fine detail, down to the molecular level revealed by the electron microscope
1.1 Anatomy-The Study of Form
what are some subdisciplines?
neurophysiology (physiology of the nervous sytem)
endocrinology (physiology of hormones
pathology (mechanism of disease
1.1b Physiology-study of function
what is comparative physiology
the study of how different spiecies solved lifes problems through function. We use this since there limits on human experiment. This is the basis for the development of new drugs and medical procedures.
problems such as breathing, water balance, reproduction
1.2b the origins of biomedical science
what did mathias scleiden and theodor schwann conclude?
that cells composed all organism and all function are interpreted as effects of cellura activity
1.3a the hypothetico-deductive method
what is a sceintic fact
info that can be independently verified by a trained person
1.4 human origins and adaptations
who is charles darwin
wrote the “origin of species by natural selection” describes how evolution works which changed our vierw of our origin and the “descent of man” human evolution
1.4a evolution, selcetion, and adaption
what is evolution?
A change in genetic composition of a population of organisms
1.4a evolution, selcetion, and adaption
what is selection pressures?
natutral forces that promote reproductive success of some more than others
1.4a evolution, selcetion, and adaption
what is adaptions
anatomical, or physiological features or behaviors that evolve in response to these selection pressues
1.6a Characteristics of life
list the characteristics of life
organization, cellular compostion, meabolism,responsivness and movement (stimuli reaction), homeostasis, growth and development, reproduction, evolution
1.6c negative feedback and homeostasis
describe homeostasis
the ability to detect change, activate mechansims that oppose it to main stable internal conditions.
1.6c negative feedback and homeostasis
What are dynamic equilibrium and and set point
a set point is an average value . Homeostasis fluctuates around this point, this is called dynamic equilibrium
1.6c negative feedback and homeostasis
describe negative feedback
process when a body sense a change and activates mechanisms that negate or reverse it to maintain health.
1.6c negative feedback and homeostasis
describe feedback loops
biological occurrence where the output of a system amplifies the system (positive feedback) or inhibits the system (negative feedback).
1.6c negative feedback and homeostasis
describe vasodilation
blood vessels expand (dilate) which allos for blood to flow closer to body surface to loose heat for cooling
1.6c negative feedback and homeostasis
describe vasoconstriction
narrowing of the blood vessels to retain warm blood deep in body and reduce heat loss
1.6c negative feedback and homeostasis
what is a receptor?
structure that sense change
1.6c negative feedback and homeostasis
what is integrating control center
a mechanism that process info, relates it to other available info and makes a response with what it should be
1.6c negative feedback and homeostasis
what is the effector
the cell or organ that carries out the final corrective action
1.6d positive feedback and rapid change
describe positive feed back
a self amplyfing cycle in which physical change leads to greater change instead of producing corrective effects
Atlas A lecture online
What is the anatomical position?
person stands erect, feet flat, arms at sides. Palms face and eyes facing foward
Atlas A lecture online
define section
actual cut or slice to reveal internal anatomy
Atlas A lecture online
define plane
imaginary flat surface passing through through body
Atlas A lecture online
what is medium ( midsagittal) plane?
divides organ or body into equal halves
Atlas A lecture online
define posterior/dorsal
to be behind or todwards the spine
Atlas A lecture online
define anterior/ ventral
to be towards the front or towards the front of the belly
Atlas A lecture online
superior vs inferior?
superior means to be above while inferior means to be below
Atlas A lecture online
proximal vs distal
proximal means to the be closer to the body part you are referring to. Distal means to be the furtherst when compared to someting closer
Atlas A lecture online
medial vs lateral
means to be closer to the medial plane of body parts vs being away from it
Atlas A lecture online
what are intermediate directions?
they are combinations of directions
Atlas A lecture online
what does anterior and posterior mean in animals
anterior means the head end and posterior means the tail end
Atlas A lecture online
the axial region consists of
the head, neck and trunk
Atlas A lecture online
where is the thoracic region ?
trunk above diapragm
Atlas A lecture online
what is the abdominal region?
trunk below the diaphragm
divided into quadrants and further divided into 9 regions by tic tac toe grid
Atlas A lecture online
what is appendicular region
upper and lower limbs
Atlas A lecture online
What does the upper limb include
arm (brachial region),forearm (antebrachial region), wrist (carpal region), hand (manual region ), fingers (digits)
Atlas A lecture online
what is included in the lower limbs
thigh (femoral region), leg (crural region), ankle (tarsal region, foot (pedal region, toes (digits)
Atlas A lecture online
what lines the bodies cavities and what is it filled with?
The serous membrane lines it and it is filled witn viscera
Atlas A lecture online
what does the cranial cavity contain and what is it lined with ?
contains the brain and it is lined with the meninges
Atlas A lecture online
what does the vertebral canal
contain? what lines it?
it contains the spinal chord and the meninges
Atlas A lecture online
where is the mediastinum? and what does it contain?
it is the region between the lungs that hold the heart , major blood vessels, esophagus, trachea, and thymus
Atlas A lecture online
what are the 11 organ system
muscular, respiratory, digestive, integumentary, circulatory, endocrine, reproduction, lymphatic, urinary, nervous, skeletal system
mr. dice runs + lymphatic system
Atlas A lecture online
which system provides protection, supprt and movement?
skeletal, muscular and the integumenty system
Atlas A lecture online
which sytem supports internal communications and integration
nervous sytem, endocrine system
Atlas A lecture online
which supports fluid transport
circulatory system and the lymphatic system
Atlas A lecture online
which aides with defense?
immune or the lymphatic system
Atlas A lecture online
which is the input and ouput systems
respirastory, urinary, and the digestive system
Atlas A lecture online
which system deals with reproduction?
the reproduction systems
Atlas A lecture online
Wha are the organs in the integumentary system and it’s function?
organs, skin, hair, nails, cutaneous glands.
function: protects, water retention, thermoregulation, vit d synth, cutaneous sensation, non verbal communication
Atlas A lecture online
what are the organs in skeletal system and it’s function
organs; bones cartilage and ligaments
function; support, movement, blood formation, electrolyte abd acid base balance, protective enclosure or viscera
Atlas A lecture online
what are the organs in the muscular system and it’s function
organs; skeletal muscles
functions; movement, stability, communication, control of body openings, heat production
Atlas A lecture online
what are the organs of the lymphatic system and it’s function
also goes by the immune system
organs; lymth nodes, lymphatic vessels, thymus, spleen , tonsils
function; recover of excess tissue fluid, detection of pathogens, production, of immune cells, defense against disease
Atlas A lecture online
organs of the respiratory system and it’s function
organs; nose pharynx, larynx, trachae, bronchi, lungs
function; absorbs o2, discharges co2, acid/base balance, speech
Atlas A lecture online
organs of the urinary system and it’s function
organ; kidneys ureters, uninary bladder urethra
function; waste disposal, regulation of blood volume/ pressure. Stimulates R.B .C formation. controls fluid/electrolye/ acid-base balance. detoxifies
Atlas A lecture online
organs of the nervous system and it’s function
organs; brain, spinal cord, nerves, ganglia
function; internal communication, coordination, motor control and sensation
Atlas A lecture online
organ’s of endrocrin system and it’s function
organs;pituitary/pineal/thyroid/parathyroid/thymus/adrenal glands, pancreas, testes, ovaries
function;hormone production, internl chemical communication and coordination
Atlas A lecture online
organs of the circulatory system and it’s function
organs; heart and blood vessels
function; distribution of nutrients, oxygen waste, hormones, electrolytes, heat, innume cells, antibodies, fluid, electrolyte, and acid/base balance
Atlas A lecture online
organs of the digestive system and it’s function
organs; teeth, tongue, salivary glands, esophogus,stomach, live, gallbladder, pancreas
function; nutrients breakdown and absorption, liver function such as metabolism, carbs, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals. Synthesis of plasma proteins, disposal of drugs, toxins and hormones; and cleansing blood
Atlas A lecture online
organs in male repro system and function
organs;testes, epidiymides, spermatic ducts, seminal vesical, prostate glands bulbourethral glands, peens
function; producation and delivery of sperm and secretion of sex hormones
Atlas A lecture online
organs in the female repo system and function
organs; ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina,mammary glands
function;production of eggs, site of the fertilization and fetal development, fetal nourishment, birth, lactation, secretion of sex hormones
chapter 1 lecture
who is rober hooke?
made many improvements to the compound microscrope (2 lenses)
named cells
chapter 1 lecture
what did antony van leeuwenhoek
invented a simple single lens microscope.
magnify up to 200x
published observations of blood, lake water, sperm, bacteria, from, tooth scrapings and many things
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law of nature
generaliztion about the predictable way matter and energy behave
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what is a theory
an explanatory statement or set of statements derived from facts and confimed hypothesis
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what are some bipedals tHat existed
australopiithecus, homo genus, homo erectus,
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what are a atomical variations
no 2 humans are exactly alike. 70% share similar structures, 30% anatomical variants.
missing muscle, extra vertebrae, renal arteries
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what are the names of organ locations
situs solitus, situs inversus, dextrocardia, situs perversus
chapter 1 lecture
what does claude bernard contribute?
says that internal conditions are constant regardless of external condition
chapter 1 lecture
what does walter cannon contribute?
cointed the term homeostasis
states that body fluctuates (dynamic quilibrium) within limited range around set point
loss of homeostatic control causes illness or death
