Chapter 3 - Knowing the Namers - NOUNS

Question 1

Noun Categories
>Concrete Noun: name specific objects that you can actually SEE, HEAR, FEEL, TASTE, or SMELL

> Abstract Noun: name qualities and concepts that may be difficult to visualize

> Common Noun: name generalized person, place, things. These nouns are not capitalized.

> Proper Noun: name SPECIFIC person, places, and things. These are capitalized

Answer 1

Examples:
- Concrete Noun: scanner, pen, monitor
- Abstract Noun: independence, aspiration, co-operation
- Common Noun: front porch, dog, copier
- Proper Noun: Norman, Canada Day, Dell

Question 2

Basic Plural
>Regular Nouns: form the plural with the addition of S or ES.

Answer 2

> Adding S to the end of the word
Singular Plural
-monitor - monitors
-clerk - clerks

> Nouns ending in SH, CH, S, X or Z, add ES
Singular Plural
- branch - branches
- box - boxes
- quiz - quizzes

Question 3

Basic Plural
>Irregular Nouns: form the plural by changing the spelling of the word.

Answer 3

> change spelling of the word
Singular Plural
- man - men
- foot - feet
- mouse - mice
- children - child

Question 4

Common Noun Endings (Plural)
> Ending in “Y” - form the plural in two ways
a) “Y” after the vowel: adding S only
b) “Y” after the consonant: change the “y” to “ies”
> Ending in “FE” or “F”: no standard rule , but most simply add S.
> Ending in “O” - form the plural in three ways.
a) “O” after the vowel: add S only
b) “O” after the consonant: add S or ES
c) Musical term ending in “O”: add S only

Answer 4

Examples
>Ending in “Y”
a) valley - valleys, attorney - attorneys
b) baby - babies, company - companies

> Ending in “FE” or “F”
- cliff - cliffs, wife - wives, scarf - scarfs/scarves

> Ending in “O”
a)studio - studios, curio - curios
b) veto - vetoes, potato - potatoes
c) alto - altos, soprano - sopranos

Question 5

Proper Nouns & Surnames Plurals
- Generally made plural by adding S.
- Most proper nouns become plural by adding S.
- when making proper nouns & surnames plural, do not change the original spelling, just add S or ES to the end.
- Proper nouns & surnames ending in J, S, X, Z, CH, or SH, are made plural by adding ES.

Answer 5

Examples
Singular Plural
-Avila - The Aviles
-Yang - the Yangs
- Rex - the Rexes
- Elizabeth - Elizebeths

Question 6

Compound Nouns Plural
- are formed by joining two or more words.
- may be written as single (or solid)
words
or - may be hyphenated
or - may appear as separate words
>written as single words: usually form the plural by appropriate changes in the final element.

> written in hyphenated or open form (two or more separate words): form the plural by appropriate changes in the principle(often created from words that are not nouns) nouns. if no principle noun the final element is made plural.

Answer 6

Examples
>Compound Nous
Singular Plural
-workman - workmen
-bookshelf - bookshelves
-photocopy - photocopies

> Compounds with no principle words
Singular Plural
-cure-all - cure-alls
-go-between - go-betweens

> Hyphenated Words
Singular Plural
-mother-in-law - mothers-in-law
-editor-in-chief - editors-in-chief
-trade-in - trade-ins
-board-of-directors - boards-of-directors

Question 7

Numerals, Alphabet Letters, Isolated Words, Degrees, & Abbreviations
- made plural by adding S or ES.
- use ‘S only when necessary for clarity.

> Numerals & Upper-case Letters:
- generally require only S.
Isolated words:
- made plural with the addition of S or
ES, generally as needed for
pronunciation.
Degrees:
- requires the addition of S.
Isolated low-case & the Capital letters A, I, M, U:
- require ‘S for clarity (without the ‘
these letters might be confused with
words.)
Abbreviations:
- made plural by adding S to the
singular form.

Answer 7

Examples

Numerals, Numbers, & Letter
1) Price trends from the 1980s continued
through the 1990s.
2) Her new calculator was not printing 7s
and 9s.
3) Narinder received all Bs and Cs on his
report card,