Chapter 2 - Sentences: Elements, Patterns, and Faults

Question 1

Sentence Elements
Subject: Who or What is being talked about or is doing the action (verb).

Simple Subject: noun or pronoun that tells who or what the sentence is about.

Complete Subject: includes all modifiers( words, phrases, clauses that affect & often enhance the meaning of the sentence. Offer detail that can make a sentence more engaging, cleaner, or specific. Simplest form would be an adjective or adverb)

Simple Predicate: a verb or verb phrase that tell/asks what the subject is doing or what is being done to the subject.

Complete Predicate: includes modifiers, objects, & complements Y the verb or verb phrase.

Predicate: what the subject is, what the subject is doing, what is being done to the subject.

Answer 1

An Amazon representative has been calling you.
- what or who is being talked about? An Amazon representative < compete subject>
- What is the subject doing? has been calling <pedicate>
- what is the Simple Subject? Amazon representative.
- what is the Simple Predicate? been calling.</pedicate>

Question 2

Simple Subject Example
The young lady took the bus to work.

Answer 2

Steps:
1 - Identify the verb
- verb is “took”
2 - Who or what did the taking (took)?
- the young lady (this is the
complete subject)
3 - Remove all the modifiers from the complete subject, left is the Simple subject.
- remove “the” and “young” = left is
“lady” which is the simple subject.

Question 3

Multiple Subject Example
I grew more disappointed as the hour went by.

Answer 3

Steps:
1 - Identify the verb
- verb is “grew”
2 - who or what grew?
- “ I “ (this is the subject, there are
no modifiers so it is both the
simple & compete subject.)
3 - Thus - “ I “ is the simple subject and
“grew” is the compete verb.

1 - next verb is?
- “went”
2 - who/what went?
- “ hours” ( this is the second
simple subject.
3 - “went” is the second complete verb

Question 4

Sentence Patterns
Pattern 1 - Subject - Verb
(verb follows the subject)

Pattern 2 - Subject - Action Verb - Object
(Direct Object - noun/pronoun answers what? or Whom?. Indirect Object - answers Whom? To What? From Whom? For What?)

Pattern 3 - Subject - Linking Verb - Complements
(Complements - a noun/pronoun or adjective that renames or describes the object/subject. It completes the meaning of the subject)

Pattern 4 - Inverted order
(At lest one part of the verb come before the subject - sentence begins with “here” or “there”)

Answer 4

1 - Subject - Verb
Subject Verb
-she - joined us later
-somebody - brought the coffee
-All the panelists - spoke well

2 - Subject - Action Verb - Object
Subject Action Verb Direct Object
-she - wrote -a report
-Somebody -carried - the message

Subject -Action Verb-Ind Object- Dir Object
-Jim-brought-us-the form
-The dealer-offered-Sue-a good price

3 - Subject - Linking Verb - Complement
Subject - Linking Verb - Complement
-The Visitor-is -Ms. Andrew(noun compl)
-Their files-are-complete(adjective comp)
-The Visitor-may have been-he(pronoun )

4 - Inverted Order
Inverted - Approaching us slowly was my newest analyst.
Normal - My newest analyst was approaching us slowly.

Question 5

Sentence Fragments
- an incomplete sentence & should not be punctuated as if it were complete.
- often groups of words that are broken off from sentences before or after them
- MISSING ITS SUBJECT OR MAIN VERB

Answer 5

Fragment:
- Beacuse we have all come to depend on emails. that is why we must find a solution.

Remedy/Revise:
- Because we have all come to depend on emails, we must find a solution.

Question 6

Run - On - Sentences (fused sentences)
- when two or more complete sentences are run together without a punctuation.
- Usually repaired by:
a) separating into two sentences
b) adding a comma & a conjunction word
c) adding a semicolon

Answer 6

Run - On
We can’t continue to rely on oil and gas for our energy needs their supplies are finite.

Remedies:
a) We can’t continue to rely on oil and gas for our energy needs. Their supplies are finite.
b) We can’t continue to rely on oil and gas for our energy needs, as their supplies are finite.
c) We can’t continue to rely on oil and gass for our energy needs; their supplies are finite.