Chapter 3 Key Terms

Question 0

Unitary Governments

Answer 0

a way of organizing a nation so that all power resides in the central government

Question 1

Federalism

Answer 1

a way of organizing a nation so that all power resides in the central government.

Question 2

Intergovernmental Relations

Answer 2

the workings of the federal system - the entire set of interactions among national, state, and local governments

Question 3

Supremacy clause

Answer 3

Article VI of the constitution, which makes the constitution, national laws, and treaties supreme over state laws when the national government is acting within its constitutional limits

Question 4

Tenth Amendment

Answer 4

The constitutional amendment stating that “The powers not delegated to the US by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states respectively, or to the people.”

Question 5

McCulloch v. Maryland

Answer 5

An 1819 Supreme Court decision that established the supremacy of the national government over state governments

Question 6

Enumerated Powers

Answer 6

Powers of the federal government that are specifically addressed in the constitution; for congress, these powers are listed in Article 1, Section 8, an include the power to coin money, regulate its value, and impose taxes.

Question 7

Implied Powers

Answer 7

Powers of the federal government that go beyond those enumerated in the Constitution.

Question 8

Elastic Clause

Answer 8

The final paragraph of Article 1, Section 8, of the Constitution, which authorizes congress to pass all laws “necessary and proper” to carry out the enumerated powers.

Question 9

Gibbons v. Ogden

Answer 9

A landmark case decided in 1824 in which the supreme court interpreted very broadly the clause in Article 1, section 8, of the constitution giving congress the power to regulate interstate commerce, encompassing virtually every form of commercial activity.

Question 10

Full Faith and Credit

Answer 10

a clause in article IV, section 1, of the constitution requiring each state to recognize the official documents and civil judgements rendered by the courts of other states

Question 11

Extradition

Answer 11

A legal process whereby an alleged criminal offender is surrendered by the officials of one state to officials of the state in which the crime is alleged to have been committed

Question 12

Privileges and immunities

Answer 12

a clause in Article IV, section 2, of the citizens of each state most of the privileges of citizens of other states.

Question 13

Dual Federalism

Answer 13

a system of government in which both the states and the national government remain supreme within their own spheres, each responsible for some policies.

Question 14

Cooperative federalism

Answer 14

a system of government in which powers and policy assignments are shared between states and the national government. They may also share costs, administration, and even blame for programs that work poorly

Question 15

Fiscal Federalism

Answer 15

The pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system; it is the cornerstone of the national government’s relations with state. and local governments.

Question 16

Categorial grants

Answer 16

Federal grants that can be used only for specific purposes, or “categories” of state and local spending. they come with strings attached, such as nondiscrimination provisions.

Question 17

Project grants

Answer 17

Federal categorial grants given for specific purposes and awarded on the basis of the merits of applications.

Question 18

Formula grants

Answer 18

federal categorial grants distributed according to a formula specified in legislation or administrative regulations

Question 19

Block Grants

Answer 19

Federal grants given more or less automatically to states or communities to support broad programs in areas such as community development and social services