Chapter 1 Key Terms Flashcards
Government
The institutions and processes through which public policies are made for a society.
Public Goods
Goods, such as clean air amd clean water, that everyone must share.
Politics
The process by which we select our governmental leaders and what policies these leaders pursue. Politics produces authoritative decisions about public issues.
Political participation
All the activities used by citizens to influence the selection of political leaders or the policies they pursue. Voting is the most common but not the only means of political participation in a democracy. Other means include protest and civil disobedience.
Single-issue groups
Groups that have a narrow interest, tend to dislike compromise, and often draw membership from people new to politics. These features distinguish them from traditional interest groups.
Policymaking system
The process by which policy comes into being and evolves over time. People’s interests, problems, and concerns create political issues for government policymakers. These issues shape policy, which in turn impacts people, generating more interests, problems, and concerns.
Linkage institutions
The political channels through which people’s concerns become political issues on the policy agenda. In the United States, linkage institutions include elections, political parties, interest groups, and the media.
Policy agenda
The issues that attract the serious attention of public officials and other people actually involved in politics at any given point in time.
Political issue
An issue that arises when people disagree about a problem and how to fix it.
Policymaking institutions
The branches of government charged with taking action on political issues. The U.S. Constitution established three policymaking institutions- the Congress, the presidency, and the courts.
Public policy
A choice that government makes in response to a political issue. A policy is a course of action taken with regard to some problem.
Democracy
A system of selecting policymakers and of organizing government so that policy represents and responds to the public’s preferences.
Majority rule
A fundamental principle of traditional democratic theory. In a democracy, choosing among alternatives requires that the majority’s desire be respected.
Minority rights
A principle of traditional democratic theory that guarantees rights to those who do not belong to majorities and allows that they might join majorities through persuasion and reasoned argument.
Representation
A basic principle of traditional democratic theory that describes the relationship between the few leaders and he many followers.
