Chapter 3: Inhibitory Techniques

Question 1

goal of inhibit phase

Answer 1

inhibit phase, where the aim is to modulate activity of the nervous system that triggers the myofascia

Question 2

inflammation/tissue trauma/microspasm

Answer 2

repetitive movements and poor posture are believed to lead to tissue trauma and inflammation. Inflammation in turn activates the body’s pain response, which initiates a protective mechanism, increasing muscle tension and causing muscle spasm. And these aren’t your garden variety calf cramps. Heightened activity of the central nervous system and tissue mechanoreceptors in the injured area create a kind of microspasm.

As a result of the spasm, adhesions may begin to form within the myofascial tissues. These adhesions form a weak inelastic matrix that decreases normal mobility of the soft tissue. Left unchecked, these adhesions may begin to form structural changes in the soft tissue

Question 3

relative flexibility

Answer 3

soft tissue rebuilds itself with a spider web of collagen matrix that forms randomly and not in the same direction as the muscle fibers.

If the myofascia is not stimulated by movement, lengthening, and broadening, then these connective fibers can start to act as a roadblock, preventing mobility

Question 4

The research shows that rolling techniques

Answer 4

may help in modulating the local receptor activity, microspasm, and central nervous system activity that develop from the traumatized tissue

Myofascial rolling techniques may help in modulating the local receptor activity, tension (microspasm), and CNS activity that develop from the traumatized tissue. Researchers and ex­perts have postulated that myofascial rolling may help “break up” the myofascial adhesions, or “trigger points,” that are created through the cumulative injury cycle

Question 5

cumulitive injury cycle

Answer 5

muscle imbalances –> tissue trauma –> inflammation –> muscle spasm –> adhesions –> altered nueromuscular control

Question 6

Inflammation activates

Answer 6

body’s pain response, which initiates a protective mechanism, increasing muscle tension and causing muscle spasm

not like a cramp but Heightened activity of the central nervous system (CNS) and tissue mechanoreceptors and nociceptors (e.g., pain receptors) in the injured area create a type of microspasm or tension

Question 7

myofascial adhesions

Answer 7

Knots in muscle tissue that can result in altered neuromuscular control
these adhesions cause inelastic matrix: Possessing the inability to stretch.

Question 8

Davis’s Law

Answer 8

soft tissue will model along the lines of stress

Soft tissue remodels or rebuilds itself with a collagen matrix that forms in a random fashion and not in the same direction as the muscle fibers. If the myofascial tissues are not stimulated by movement, lengthening, and broadening, these connective tissue fibers may act as a roadblock, preventing soft tissue mobility

Question 9

Myofascial rolling can be used for two primary

Answer 9

1. to affect local mile fascial tissue dysfunction
2. to influence the autonomic nervous system

Question 10

Myofascial rolling is classified as

Answer 10

A compression technique for an external objects, such as a foam, roller compresses, myofascial tissues

Question 11

Local mechanical effects of foam rolling

Answer 11

Direct roller pressure may change the viscoelastic properties

Thixotropy (reduced viscosity)
Stimulated cellular response
Reducing myofascial restriction promoting fluid changes, stimulating cellular responses

Question 12

Arterial affects of myofascial rolling

Answer 12

Reduces arterial stiffness and increases arterial tissue perfusion and improves. Vascular endothelial function.

Question 13

Gamma loop modulation

Answer 13

The reflex arc consisting of small anterior horn nerve cells and their small fibers that produced to an interview so bundle and produce its contraction which initiate an afferent impulses. The pass through the posterior root to the anterior horn sells inducing, intern, reflects contraction of the entire muscle.

Question 14

Fascia

Answer 14

thin casing of connective tissue that surrounds and holds every organ, blood vessel, bone, nerve fiber and muscle in place. The tissue does more than provide internal structure; fascia has nerves that make it almost as sensitive as skin. When stressed, it tightens up.

Question 15

Fascia

Answer 15

thin casing of connective tissue that surrounds and holds every organ, blood vessel, bone, nerve fiber and muscle in place. The tissue does more than provide internal structure; fascia has nerves that make it almost as sensitive as skin. When stressed, it tightens up.

Question 16

cupping

Answer 16

The active approach to cupping has been termed myofascial decompression

Decompression occurs by using the suction to “lift” the superficial tissue.
Active movements are then used to mobilize and free up the underlying myofascial

Question 17

Myofascial flossing

Answer 17

Myofascial flossing is performed by teaching the client to wrap a latex band around a body part using a 50% overlap pattern and using a stretch force of 50–90% .

Once the band is applied, the client then performs up to 2 minutes of active or passive movements to induce tissue “flossing”

Myofascial flossing creates a tangential shearing or wringing-towel effect by creating compression around the muscle group. The movements are intended to help mobilize myofascial tissues

Question 18

what is a contradiction of myofascial release

Answer 18

Osteoporosis

Question 19

time rolling

Answer 19

found that at least 90 seconds was needed to improve functional movements, such as a deep squat

Question 20

chronic benefit

Answer 20

self-myofascial rolling just two times per week over 4 weeks has been shown to improve functional movement patterns

Question 21

coaches tip. on how to roll

Answer 21

Follow the two-step approach:

Hold pressure for 30 to 60 seconds.
Perform active movements to “free up” or mobilize myofascial tissues.
■ Spend between 90 seconds and 2 minutes (total) on each muscle group.
■ Perform myofascial rolling on most days of the week as part of a corrective exercise program.
■ Maintain a neutral spine and relaxed shoulders.
■ Modify, as necessary, to maintain a relaxed and safe position.
■ Roll slowly.

Question 22

How long should a user hold on an uncomfortable spot when applying self-myofascial rolling?

Answer 22

30-60 seconds

Question 23

The current research suggests that myofascial release be changed to myofascial rolling due to which factor?

Answer 23

There is no current evidence that a “release” occurs in the myofascia after rolling.

Question 24

What is a common compensation when using the myofascial roller in a prone position?

Answer 24

Excessive arch in the lumbar spine

Question 25

Researchers suggested which of the following regarding research on most effective self-myofascial rolling programs?

Answer 25

There is currently a lack of consensus on optimal myofascial rolling programs.

Question 26

If the client has an underlying medical conditions that could be a contraindication, what is the best course of action before having them use a self-myofascial roller?

Answer 26

The client should be cleared through an appropriately licensed medical professional before proceeding with any myofascial techniques.

Question 27

5.
A new client, Tommy, is just learning to use the myofascial roller. He asks how much pain should be felt while performing Step 1 of the myofascial rolling program. What is the best response?

Answer 27

There should be some discomfort, but he should be able to relax and breathe.

Question 28

Which is a benefit to having a shorter myofascial roller?

Answer 28

A short myofascial roller is easier to pack into a gym bag.

Question 29

Which best describes a component of pressure exerted by a myofascial roller?

Answer 29

The roller’s diameter

Question 30

Myofascial rolling is classified as what type of intervention?

Answer 30

compression

Question 31

.
What are the common neurophysiological mechanisms of myofascial rolling that result in decreased pain?

Answer 31

Roller pressure may modulate pain through stimulation of muscle and cutaneous receptors, afferent central nociceptive pathways (gate theory of pain), and descending antinociceptive pathways (diffuse noxious inhibitory control)

Question 32

A fitness professional observes his client rolling out his lumbar spine with a hard density foam roller. What should he recommend to the client?

Answer 32

That rolling the lumbar spine is a contraindication and should be avoided.

Question 33

Can fitness professionals administer Instrument-Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization to their clients?

Answer 33

In general, IASTM is a specialized treatment conducted by a trained healthcare professional.

Question 34

What are the two scientific theories behind myofascial rolling?

Answer 34

Local mechanical and neurophysiological effect

Question 35

What is a common neurophysiological effect that myofascial rolling creates for tissue relaxation?

Answer 35

Greater myofascial relaxation or “stretch tolerance”

Question 36

What is an important consideration regarding the “ideal amount of pressure” needed for a positive response?

Answer 36

The user’s experience with myofascial rolling.

While experienced users can usually handle more pressure, this is not a component of ideal pressure.

Question 37

What is the recommended range of frequency (days per week) for self-myofascial rolling?

Answer 37

Performing myofascial rolling between two and five times per week may be enough to experience benefits.