Chapter 3 - Infectious Diseases Related To Travel

Question 1

What is Amebiasis

Answer 1

Protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica causing cramps, watery or bloody diarrhea and weight loss and may last several weeks

Question 2

Treatment for amebiasis

Answer 2

Metronidazole or tinidazole followed by iodoquinol or paromomycin

(Asymptotic pts should still get iodoquinol or paromomycin to prevent spread)

Question 3

What is neurologic Angiostrongyliasis

Answer 3

Angiostrongylus contonensis (rat lungworm) is a nematode parasite causing eosinophilic meningitis

Found in Asia and pacific basin but rarely Caribbean

Question 4

Symptoms of neurologic angiostrongyliasis

Answer 4

Headache, photophobia, stiff neck, vomiting, fatigue, and body aches
Abnormal skin sensations such as tingling or painful feelings are more common than in other types of meningitis

Question 5

Transmission of neurologic angiostrongyliasis

Answer 5

Various rat species are definitive host
Snails and slugs are intermediate hosts
Humans get from consuming infected snails or slugs or contaminated raw produce or vegetable juices
Infected large also found in freshwater shrimp, crabs and frogs

Question 6

Treatment of neurologic angiostrongyliasis

Answer 6

Larvae die spontaneously

Supportive care including analgesic for pain and corticosteroids to limit inflammation

Question 7

What is Anthrax

Answer 7

Aerobic, gram positive, encapsulated, spore-forming, nonmotile, non hemolytic, rod shaped bacterium Bacillus anthracis

Question 8

Types/presentations of anthrax

Answer 8

Cutaneous
Gastrointestinal
Injection
Inhalation
Meningitis

Question 9

Incubation period for cutaneous or gastrointestinal anthrax

Answer 9

1-7 days (up to 17)

Question 10

What is B virus?

Answer 10

Enveloped, double-stranded DNA virus in the family herpesviridae genus Simplesvirus
Macacine herpesvirus I

Aka herpes B, monkey B virus, herpes similar, and herpesvirus B

Found among macaques

Question 11

What are the types of Bartonella infections?

Answer 11

Bartonella henselae (cat scratch disease)
Bartonella quintana (trench fever) - transmitted by the human body louse
Bartonella bacilliformis (Carrion disease) - transmitted by infected sand flies (genus Lutzomyia)

Question 12

What is Brucellosis

Answer 12

A facultative, intracellular, gram-negative coccobacilli
Includes Brucella abortus, brucella melitensis, brucella suis and brucella canis

Causes non specific infection with fever, muscle aches, fatigue, headache, and night sweats
Focal infections common and can affect most organs

Question 13

Transmission of Brucellosis

Answer 13

Unpasteurized dairy products or undercooked meat and direct contact with infected animals (can enter via skin wounds, mucous membranes or inhalation
Hunting is a risk factor
High risk regions include the Mediterranean Basin, south and central america, Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Middle East

Question 14

Incubation of brucellosis

Answer 14

2-4 weeks (range 5 days to 5 months)