Chapter 3: Identifying Inquiry and Stating the Problem

Question 1

A process of trying to gain a better understanding of the complexities of human experience and, in some genres of ____, to take action based on the understanding. (Marshal and Rossman, 1999)
Seeks to explore, explain and describe the phenomenon chosen for study

Answer 1

Research

Question 2

A plan for engaging in systematic inquiry to bring about a better understanding of the phenomenon and, increasingly, to change social circumstances.
A _____ must be made first.

Answer 2

Research proposal

Question 3

Includes an overview of the proposal, the rationale behind the study, a discussion of the topic, or focus of the inquiry and the general research questions or problem, the research purpose and significance and its limitations

Answer 3

Introduction

Question 4

Situates the study in the ongoing discourse about the topic and develops the specific underlying literature that could links to the research topic

Answer 4

Related literature

Question 5

Details the overall design, the site or population of interest, the specific methods for gathering data, a preliminary discussion of strategies for analyzing the data, the trustworthiness, biography of the researcher, ethical and political issues may emerge in the study at it progresses

Answer 5

Research design and methods

Question 6

“Good research proposals both give an overview of the project and a well informed discussion of the nuts and bolts of the proposed research”

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Title: Should reflect the well defined aims of the research. Should be concrete

Answer 7

Research Proposal Headings

Question 8

Understand the major steps involved in conducting a research study
Understand the differences between quantitative and qualitative research
Major concepts and definitions

Answer 8

Objectives

Question 9

Understand the major steps involved in conducting a research study

Understand the differences between quantitative and qualitative research

Major concepts and definitions

Answer 9

Objectives

Question 10

Developing generalizations basal observation of a limited number of related events board experiences

Answer 10

Inductive Reasoning

Question 11

Arriving at specific conclusions based on general principles, observations, or experiences
General to specific

Answer 11

Deductive reasoning

Question 12

Limitations Of The Scientific Methods

Answer 12

Not all questions can be
answered
Not everyone can be reached
Always consider margin of error

Question 13

It is the formal, systematic application of the scientific method.
GOALS: Describe, Explain, Predict, & Control Phenomena

Answer 13

Research

Question 14

STEPS: SCIENTIFIC METHOD

Answer 14

Definition of the Problem
Execution of Research Procedures
Analysis of Data
Drawing and Stating Conclusions

Question 15

Comprehensive Narrative and Visual Data
Based on different beliefs
All meaning is situated in a particular perspective or context.
Not controlled or manipulated by the researcher

Answer 15

Qualitative research

Question 16

Numerical Data
Sample of participants must be large enough to end up with statistically
meaningful data
Manipulated or controlled by the researcher

Answer 16

Quantitative

Question 17

Study of a phenomena - describing something that exist as part of the world
Phenomena might be:
An event, a situation, an experience or a concept
e.g. back pain
It begins with the acknowledgment that there is a gap in the researchers’ understanding.
It may not necessarily to provide definitive explanations but it does raise awareness and increase insight.

Answer 17

Phenomenology

Question 18

The term means “portrait of people”
It is a methodology for descriptive studies of cultures and peoples
e.g. cultural parameter is suspected of affecting the population’s response to care or treatment
It requires extensive
fieldwork by the researchers.
Data collection includes formal and informal interview on several occasion and observation
It is extremely time consuming.

Answer 18

Ethnography

Question 19

Researcher interpret data from the perspective of the population under study
Results are expressed as they are expressed by the subjects themselves
These studies might be problematic when researchers are not familiar with social norms and language.

Answer 19

Data Analysis -“Emic” Approach

Question 20

MAIN FEATURE
Development of a new theory through the collection and analysis of data about a phenomenon
It goes beyond phenomenology as the explanation are genuinely new knowledge and are used to develop theories.
Various data collection techniques are used
Literature review, documentary analysis, interviews , observation
KEY FEATURE
Constant comparative analysis - simultaneous collection and analysis of data

Answer 20

Grounded Theory

Question 21

Might be qualitative or quantitative
In-depth analysis of a single or small number of units
It is used to describe an entity that forms a single unit such as a person, an organization or an institution.
Complexity: illustration of an event VS. analysis of social situation over time
As a research design, it offers rich and in-depth information which is not usually offered by other methods.
It is a highly versatile method and employs any or all methods of data collection.
It can be used for different purposes e.g. development of new services, organizational changes in planning. purchasing or delivery of health services, evaluation of a program A critic - a case may not be representative of similar cases (findings are not generalizable)
Can we apply findings elsewhere?

Answer 21

Case study