Chapter 2: Qualitative Research and Its Importance in Daily Life

Question 1

Based on qualitative data and tends to follow the exploratory mode of the scientific book (Sage, 2012. P48)
Study things in their NATURAL SETTINGS, attempting to make sense of, or to interpret, phenomena in terms of the meanings people bring to them (Denzin & Lincoln, 2005 p. 3)

Answer 1

Qualitative research

Question 2

Interested in undertaking the meaning people have constructed, that is, how people make sense of their world and the experiences they have in the world (Merriam, 2009. P. 13).
STUDY BEHAVIORS NATURALISTICALLY AND HOLISTICALLY
Contend that “REALITY IS SOCIALLY CONSTRUCTED” (Guba and Lincoln, 1989)
EXAMPLE: Language has an important influence on our views of the world. The word “langgam” in the Visayas area means birds, while in Tagalog-Luzon region it means ants.

Answer 2

Qualitative researcher

Question 3

Scientific Method

Answer 3

Exploratory or “bottom-up”
The researcher generates or constructs knowledge, hypotheses, and grounded theory from data collected during fieldwork.

Question 4

Ontology (Nature Of Reality/truth)

Answer 4

Subjective, mental, personal, constructed

Question 5

Epistemology (Nature of reality/truth)

Answer 5

Relativism
Individual and group justification
Varying standards

Question 6

View of human thought and behavior

Answer 6

Situational, social, contextual, personal, unpredictable

Question 7

Most Common Research Objectives

Answer 7

Qualitative/subjective description
Empathetic understanding, and exploration

Question 8

Interest

Answer 8

Understand and appreciate particular groups and individuals
Inform local policy

Question 9

“Focus”

Answer 9

Wide angle and “deep angle” lens, examining the breadth and depth of phenomena to learn more about them

Question 10

Nature Of Observation

Answer 10

Study groups and individuals in natural settings
Attempt to understand insiders’ views, meanings, and perspectives

Question 11

Form Of Data Collected

Answer 11

Qualitative data such as in-depth interviews, participant observation, field notes, and open-ended questions
The researcher is the primary data-collection instrument.

Question 12

Nature Of Data

Answer 12

Words, images, categories

Question 13

Data Analysis

Answer 13

Use descriptive data
Search for patterns, themes, and holistic features
Appreciate difference/variation

Question 14

Results

Answer 14

Particularistic findings
Provision of insider viewpoints

Question 15

Form Of Final Report

Answer 15

Informative narrative report with contextual description and direct quotations from research participants

Question 16

Kinds of qualitative research

Answer 16

Phenomenology
Ethnography
Case study
Grounded theory
Historical research/narrative analysis/research
Inductive thematic research
Discourse or conversation analysis
Mixed methods

Question 17

The researchers attempt to understand that people experience a certain phenomenon.

Answer 17

Phenomenology

Question 18

It means “writing about people”.
________ researchers are interested in describing the culture of a group of people and learning to be a member of the group.
The documentation focused on shared attitudes, values, norms, practices, patterns of interactions and languages of ethnic groups.
Has its roots in anthropology and was a popular form of inquiry at the turn of the century when anthropologists traveled the world in search of remote tribes.
The emphasis in ______ is on describing and interpreting cultural behavior. (Dawson, 2002)

Answer 18

Ethnography

Question 19

The researcher provides a detailed account of one or more cases.
It can be used for exploratory, descriptive and explanatory research (Stake, 1995; Yin, 1994).

Answer 19

Case study

Question 20

Qualitative approach to generating and developing a theory from the data you collect in a research study.
_____ approach for generating theories for explanation
A methodology which was first laid out in ____ by two researchers named Glaser and Strauss.
It tends to be a popular form of inquiry in the areas of education and health research.
The emphasis in this methodology is on the generation of theory which is grounded in the data - this means that ______. (Dawson, 2002)

Answer 20

Grounded Theory
Inductive
1967
It has emerged from the data

Question 21

It is a research about people, places and events in the past.
A.K.A NARRATIVE RESEARCH because it studies “the text of history”.

Answer 21

History research

Question 22

It usually draws on inductive analytic methods (same as Grounded Theory).
It also undertakes identifying and coding emergent themes within data.

Answer 22

Inductive thematic analysis

Question 23

A study of “naturally occurring discourse”.
It can range from conversation to public events to existing documents

Answer 23

Discourse or conversation analysis

Question 24

It is an integration of quantitative and qualitative research methods in one study.
Through analytic approaches and different theoretical approaches the researchers will specify up front and in detail, how, why and when these two methods will be fully mixed.

Answer 24

Mixed methods

Question 25

Strengths of qualitative research

Answer 25

Use quotes and themes in words from participants that provide evidence in different perspectives
Researcher collaborates, spends time in the field with participants and becomes an insider.
Subjective (Relative)
Emerging Interpretations
(Emic) Insider Knowledge
Flexible, Emergent
Context-bound, conceptualized
Non-quantifiable narrative, qualitative analysis
Seeks Understanding (pattern)
Product and process oriented
Qualitative research methods and findings can stand alone and explain findings.

Question 26

Weakness of Qualitative research

Answer 26

Biases are present and acknowledged
No to limited definition (No Control)

Question 27

_______ is synonymous to Information Technology, extensive and widespread research has been conducted since the earliest time.
The Internet becomes the major frontline advantage of this emerging information communication technology.
It provides people around the world, faster communications, abundant information resources, inexhaustible education, entertainment, social networking and staying connected, and online services and e-commerce.

Answer 27

Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

Question 28

Involves a range of topics related to physical education and sports studies
Uses both qualitative and quantitative methods, focusing on three major themes: TEACHERS, COACHES and PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION; policy, pedagogy, equity and identity; and young people, sport and social inclusion, from sociological and social psychological perspectives

Answer 28

Sports research

Question 29

Monitors and evaluates the latest trends and events in relation to agriculture and fisheries research and development
Research outputs of agriculture and fisheries will help aid in public expenditure prioritization for agricultural research and in the modification of development program implementation processes in order to achieve targets and objectives.

Answer 29

Agricultural and fisheries research

Question 30

Involves acquiring information and knowledge for professional or commercial purposes such as determining opportunities and goals for a business

Answer 30

Business research

Question 31

Designing _____: Scientific Inference in Qualitative Research is a 1994 book written by Gary King, Robert Keohane, and Sidney Verba that lays out guidelines for conducting qualitative research.
The central thesis of the book is that qualitative and quantitative research share the same “logic of inference”.

Answer 31

Social inquiry research

Question 32

Critical analysis, historical documentation, philosophical inquiry, and instructions for making art provide fodder for art research
Keep in mind that whichever route you take, the best research art papers are those that explore ideas that interest the researcher and young learners to have adequate resources for investigation. (Stephens, 2014)

Answer 32

Art research

Question 33

Focuses on the study of human culture, using speculative, analytical and critical approach, and employing a historical nature rather than the empirical nature used in the natural sciences
SCOPE: Ancient and modern languages, philosophy, literature, religion and theology, and the visual and performing arts like music, dance, and theater.
Identical to humanities is the subject called Social Sciences and these fields include history, anthropology, area or regional studies, communication studies, cultural studies, linguistics, and law.
Usually, the comparative research method is used rather than the experimental method

Answer 33

Humanities research

Question 34

______ is that work which is done in the pursuit of new knowledge.
Scientists working in this type of research don’t necessarily have any ideas in mind about applications of their work.
They may be testing an existing theory, they may have a new experimental technique they want to try, or they may literally stumble accidentally into a new area of discovery (many of the great discoveries in history occurred by accident, such as X-rays and penicillin).
Encompassed in this realm is a good deal of theoretical research, such as those who are working on quantum mechanics, superstrings, theoretical cosmology and many others. (Vondracek, 2005).

Answer 34

Science research

Question 35

_____ methods should adopt a philosophical question and there are all sorts of views concerning the nature, role and structure of philosophical inquiry.
In recent years, research was conducted and presented various topics in philosophy, ranging from the methodology of metaphysics to Freud, and from moral cognitivism to feminism and research methods essays

Answer 35

Philosophical research

Question 36

Type of research that examines past events or combinations of events to arrive at an account of what has happened in the past
It can show patterns that occurred in the past and over time which can help us to see where we came from and what kinds of solutions we have used in the past and perhaps we can used it in the present time if applicable

Answer 36

History research

Question 37

History research is conducted because:

Answer 37

Uncover the unknown,
Answer questions,
identify the relationship of the past to the present,
Record and evaluate accomplishments of individuals, agencies, or institutions,
Aid in understanding the culture in which we live.