Chapter 3 HOST-PARASITE RELATIONSHIP Flashcards
- When the direction moves ____ direction, means that there is a reestablishment of the host health.
- When the direction moves ________ means the infection of disease happens.
upward
downward
Host Parasite relationship is defined as the ____ of each partner by the activities of the
other.
influence
- The person who is infected with the parasite without any clinical or subdisease is
referred to as a ____. He can transmit the parasites to others.
Carrier State
Disease State
* The disease is the ____ of the infection, which shows the active
presence, and replication of the parasite causing damage to the host. It may be mild,
severe and fulminant and in some cases may even cause death of the host.
clinical manifestation
Occurs when the host gains the upper hand; host recovers from the infection.
Parasite Destruction
Effects on Parasites
give 7
- Effects of Nutrition
- Effects of Hormones
- Effects of Age
- Effects of Immunity
- Effects of Host specificity
- Effects of Parasitic density
- Effects of Host sex
Direct Effects on Host
- change in the growth pattern of the affected tissue
a. Hyperplasia (Increase in the rate of ____):
b. Hypertrophy (Increase in____):
c. ____ (Transformation of one type of tissue into another):
d. ____ (Cancer or tumour formation):
cell division
cell size
Metaplasia
Neoplasia
Host Susceptibility
- Easily parasitized by a certain species - ________
- Difficult to parasitize - ________
- Frequently found in parasitized by a certain species in nature - _____
- one that does not become so parasitized - _____
- habitually lives in or on a host that is very seldom infected - ____
- host may become infected but throw off the infection after a short time - ______
- host for a short stage in life cycle of a parasite - ____
tolerant
refractory
natural host
foreign host
accidental/ casual host
provisional transitory host
temporary host
Host Factors that affect the development of certain diseases
give 8
- genetic constitution
- age
- sex
- level of immunity
- nutrition (malnutrition/ undernourished)
- intensity and frequency of infection
- co-existing disease or condition
- lifestyle and occupation
Parasite Factors that affect the development of certain diseases
- Strain of the parasite & adaptation to human host
- Parasite load (number of parasite)
- Site/s occupied in the body
is the study of the immune system and is a very important branch of the
medical and biological sciences. The immune system protects us from infection through
various lines of defences.
Immunology
State of being immune or resistant to a particular infectious disease.
immunity
_____ is a complex system of structures and processes that has evolved to protect us from
disease. Molecular and cellular components make up the _____
Immune System
- is the first line of defence and is non-specific.
- includes physical barriers (e.g. skin, saliva etc) and cells (e.g.
macrophages, neutrophils, basophils, mast cells etc)
innate immunity
- second line of defence which involves building up memory of encountered infections so can mount an enhanced response specific to the pathogen or foreign substance
- involves antibodies, which generally target foreign pathogens roaming free in the bloodstream
adaptive immunity
