Chapter 2 MICROSCOPY

Question 1

are tools used to enlarge images of small objects

process of using microscope in investigating or studying microorganism

Answer 1

Microscope
Microscopy

Question 2

very first magnifiers, 1000 BC, using blow glasa globes with ___ to magnify things

Answer 2

Water

Question 3

___ are made of curved, ckear pieces of glass or plastic called lenses

All light rays lassing through the lens bend toward a point called the ___

Answer 3

Magnifiers
Focus

Question 4

1590, ____ and _____ ____ from Holland have developed the compound microscope. They were just ordinary lens makers.

Answer 4

Johannes and Zacharias Janssen

Question 5

1624, Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei develop the

Answer 5

microscope and telescope

Question 6

1656, German mathematician Kircher made a microscope in which he saw “small worms” when he studies ___

Answer 6

Plaque

Question 7

1661, Italian physician ____ was the first to use microscope in his anatomical studies. Showed trachea (windpipe) leads to two bronchi.

Answer 7

Marcelo Malphigi

Question 8

1674, Dutch merchant and microscopist Anton van Leeuwenhoek devised microscope with a magnification of 200-300x. Observed moving organisms, animalcules. He was considered to open door to

Answer 8

“invisible world of microorganisms.

Question 9

Majority of microscope are called _____

Answer 9

Light (bright field) microscopes

Question 10

• Also referred to as a biological or research microscope
• Refer to as a high power microscope
• Mag. 40x-1000x, some up to 1500x or 2000x
• Image seen as if 10” (250mm) from observer
• 2-D, reversed and upside down
• light method is trans-illumination (light projectes from below)

Answer 10

Compound microscope

Question 11

• found at top where you look through
• us. 10x, 12x, 15x mag. power

Answer 11

Eyepiece

Question 12

Connects eyepiece lens to the objective lens

Answer 12

Tube

Question 13

Supports the tube and connects it to the base. It is used along with the base in carrying microscope.

Answer 13

Arm

Question 14

The bottom of the microacope. Used to support the entire microscope

Answer 14

Base

Question 15

A steady light source used in place a mirror

Answer 15

Illuminator

Question 16

A flat platform where you place the slide.

Holds the slide in place, used along with this.

Answer 16

Stage
Stage clips

Question 17

The parts that holds two or more objectives. It can be rotate to change the magnification easily.

Answer 17

Revolving nosepiece/ Turret

Question 18

Almost always consist of 4x, 10x, 40x and 100x powers

Short lens - lowest power
Longest lens - greatest power

Answer 18

Objective lenses

Question 19

An adjustment fhat determines how close the objwctive lens can get to the slide

Answer 19

Rack stop

Question 20

Is used to vary the intensity and size of the cone of light that is projected upward into the slide

Answer 20

Diaphragm

Question 21

Focus the microscope, used only with LPO

Answer 21

Coarse adjustment knob

Question 22

Focus the microscope, used with HPO to bring the specimen into better focus

Answer 22

Fine adjustment knob

Question 23

• Also referred to as dissecting, dissection, or inspection microscopes
• Refer to as a low-power microscope
• 3D, upright and normal image

Answer 23

Stereo microscope

Question 24

• uses a beam of accelerated electrons as a source of illumination
• having a high resolution of images
• magnify objects in nanometres
• Ernst Ruska

Answer 24

Electron Microscope

Question 25

* used to view thin specimens through which electrons can pass generating a projection image * analogous to compound (light) microscope * to image the interior of cells, structure of protein molecules, the organization of molecules in viruses and cytoskeletal filaments, and the arrangement of protein molecules in cell membranes

Answer 25

Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)

Question 26

* analog to stereo light microscope * provides detailed images of the surfaces of cells and whole organisms * used for particle counting and size determination, and for process control. * because the image is formed by scanning a focused electron beam onto the surface of the specimen in a raster pattern

Answer 26

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

Question 27

uses the differences in the phase of light transmitted or reflected by a specimen to form distinct, contrasting images of different parts of the specimen.

Answer 27

Phase Contrast

Question 28

* uses a laser light to scan samples that have been dyed * with the aid of a dichromatic mirror * can create 3-D images; by assembling multiple scans * commonly used in cell biology and medical applications

Answer 28

Confocal Microscope

Question 29

the object viewed is illuminated by polarized light for typically analyzing the content and make-up of **organic or inorganic material** like crystals, chemical microscopy, and optical mineralogy

Answer 29

Polarizing

Question 30

used for identification, inspection, and analysis of different **metals and alloys**

Answer 30

Metallurgical

Question 31

* combination of a microscope and a digital camera * can use a CCD or CMOS chip * user can display, save, and edit images

Answer 31

Digital

Question 32

use new technology for a miniature camera and illuminator in one unit

Answer 32

Handheld Digital Microscopes

Question 33

how magnification is determined?

Answer 33

by multiplying the power of the eyepiece by the power of the objective lens being used

Question 34

* the diameter of the circle of light that you see when looking into a microscope * is measured in millimeters * the lowest powers have the ____ * increase power, have the _____

Answer 34

field of view widest field of view smallest field of view