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Chapter 3 History Test Flashcards

1
Q

Continental Army

A

~created during Second Continental Congress to protect colonists

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2
Q

1st Continental Congress

A

~Sep 1774
~Closing of Boston was the cause for it
~55 delegates met at Carpenters’s Hall in Philadelphia
12 colonies (no Georgia)
1. Massachusetts: sent Sam and John Adams
2. NY: John Jay
3. Virginia: George Washington, Patrick Henry, Richard Henry Lee
4. Pennsylvania: Ben Franklin
Decided to:
1. not break away from England
2. Coercive Acts unconstitutional
3. Creat a colonial militia for town’s defense
4. Boycott
5. Issued Declaration of Rights and Grievances

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3
Q

Declaration of Rights and Grievances

A

~a list of rights issued to King George III in hopes to establish peace
~refused to acknowledge 13 acts passed by Parliament
~Freedom= God-given right (natural law)
~right to “life, liberty, property”
~made King George and Lord North unhappy

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4
Q

Iroquois Confederacy

A

~Confederation of Native American tribes
~Remained neutral during the French and Indian War

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5
Q

Proclamation of 1763

A

~outlawed British settlement west of Appalachian Mts. and told settlers to leave Ohio River Valley
~New taxes –> smuggling
~Parliament saw 2 laws
1. Royal judges instead of local juries
2. Writs of Assistance
~angered colonists who wanted to settle new lands (freedom of movement taken)

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6
Q

Loyalist

A

~colonials loyal to British
~some thought British would win

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7
Q

Mercenaries

A

~King George hired German Mercenaries (Hessians) after rejecting Olive Branch Petition

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8
Q

Ohio River Valley

A

~Fought over during French and Indian War (7 year war)
~Vast land beyond the Appalachian Mountains that was rich in resources

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9
Q

Writs of Assistance

A

Document that allowed soldiers to search anywhere for smuggled goods

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10
Q

Second Continental Congress

A

~May 1775
~What they decided:
1. Not to break away
2. Authorizing print of colonial money
3. Set up post office (Franklin in charge)
4. Committees to handle Native American relationships
5. Created Continental Army
6. Olive Branch Petition
7. Create committee to draft Declaration of Independence

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11
Q

Redcoats

A

British soldiers (called this because of their red uniforms)

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12
Q

Treaty of Paris 1763

A

~Turning point was when British general James
Wolfe captured French Quebec in 1759.
~ended the French and Indian War
~settlers no longer had to worry about getting attacked
~British gained:
1. Canada
2. French lands east of Mississippi river
3. Spanish Florida (Spain was Frances ally in war)

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13
Q

Iroquois Confederacy

A

~Confederation of Native American tribes
~remained neutral during the French and Indian War

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14
Q

Proclamation of 1763

A

~prevented colonists from expanding west of Appalachian Mts.
~Angered colonists who desperately wanted to settle new lands. Freedom of movement taken by the British crown

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15
Q

Writs of Assistance

A

Document that allowed soldiers to search anywhere for smuggled goods (private homes, shops, warehouses)

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16
Q

Parliament

A

government that passed laws on the colonies

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17
Q

Committee of Correspondence

A

Served as a way for leaders to meet and discuss new British laws

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18
Q

Boycotts

A

To abstain from buying; colonists boycotted the British

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19
Q

What acts were repealed?

A

Stamp Act and Townshend Acts

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20
Q

Unconstitutional

A

illegal

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21
Q

Boston Massacre

A

~March 5, 1770
~Sam Adams inspired colonists to protest “British soldiers are our foreign enemies.”
~Fights between colonists and soldiers became regular
~Tax collectors seize the ship Liberty on suspicion of smuggling
~Sons of Liberty protested by attacking the customs official house
~Governor reacted and broke up Massachusetts legislature
~Parliament sent in army to occupy Boston in hopes of preventing a rebellion
~Crispus Attucks first colonist killed in 13 colonies
~John Adams argued it was self defense
~2 guilty soldiers charged for accidental killing (branded the letter M on thumb which stood for murderer)
~5 men died

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22
Q

Propaganda

A

~ Information, especially of biased information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or POV
~(EX.) Join or Die cartoon

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23
Q

Boston Tea Party

A

~Midnight, Dec 16
~Disguised as Natives, Sons of Liberty snuck on board the ships dumping 342 tea chests into Boston Harbor
~Colonists gathered to celebrate

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24
Q

Declaration of Rights and Grievances

A

List of rights issued to King George III in hopes of establishing peace
1. Refused to acknowledge 13 acts passed by Parliament
2. freedom= God-given right
3. Right to “life, liberty, and property”

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25
Q

Battle of Lexington

A

~Also known as “shot heard around the world”
~Came before Battle of Concord
~Redcoats outnumbered Patriots by large amount (Redcoats: 700 Patriots: 70)
~Shot fired, both sides blamed the other
~8 minutemen dead, 1 redcoat wounded
~British continued to Concord

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26
Q

Battle of Concord

A

~Redcoats destroyed ammunition depot
~Burned courthouse & blacksmith shop
~British got attacked by minutemen on the route home (surprise attack)

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27
Q

Battle of Bunker Hill/Breed’s Hill

A

~Green Mt. Boys: joined forces of Benedict Arnold (400 men)
and Ethan Allen took Fort Ticonderoga and many weapons
~Meanwhile:
1. Minutemen (led by Colonel William Prescott pinned
redcoats stationed inside Boston
2. Colonial troops dug in at Bunker Hill
3. Redcoats tried to climb hill but got mowed down twice
4. Redcoats won, but more wounded than colonists
~Colonists realized they had a chance/could win

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28
Q

Siege of Boston

A

~George Washington prepares his army for war. (They
lacked discipline.)
~Plans an attack on Boston
~Night of March 1776 he moved his cannons and soldiers
overlooking Boston.
1. Bombarded Boston from Nooks Hill until British General William
Howe forced to retreat by boat.
~Boston back in colonial control!!!!

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29
Q

Preamble

A

We hold these truths to be self-evident
That all men are created equal
That their creator endows them with certain unalienable rights
That among these are life liberty and the pursuit of happiness

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30
Q

Unalienable

A

impossible to take away or give up

31
Q

Declaration of Independence

A

~ document formally announcing colonies break from Britain
~Thomas Jefferson= main author
~VOTED in on July 2nd, 1776
~APPROVED on July 4th 1776
~Ideas:
1. All men have unalienable rights (life, liberty, pursuit of happiness)
2. King George violated colonists rights
3. Colonies had right to break away (King George III broke social contract, idea government + rules protect citizens)

32
Q

Common Sense

A

Argued that:
1. Citizens not queen/kings (monarchy) should makes laws
~Hereditary succession is wrong
2. Right to economic independence/freedom
3. Right to military defense
4. Cried out against tyranny (abuse of government power)

33
Q

Olive Branch Petition

A

~Formal request to King George for peace
~King George denied it

34
Q

Hereditary Succession

A

when someone gets to be king/queen from their bloodline

35
Q

Benjamin Franklin

A

~Signed declaration of independence
~Represented Pennsylvania for the first Continental Congress
~In charge of post office set up during Second Continental Congress

36
Q

William Howe

A

~General in British army
~got bombarded by Washington’s troops in the Siege of Boston

37
Q

Benedict Arnold

A

~combined forces with Ethan Allen to make Green Mountain Boys in Battle of Bunker Hill
~failed to attack N.Y. from Canada

38
Q

Metacomet (King Philip)

A

~Wampanoag leader
~fighting began between him and NE colonists
~killed but ignited a war for land (French and Indian War)

39
Q

Chief Pontiac

A

~leader of Indian People

40
Q

Samuel Adams

A

~Preached that there should be “no taxation without representation.”
~Created committee of correspondence- served as a way for leaders to meet and discuss new British laws
~Inspired colonist to protest “British soldiers are our forein enemies”
~Used the death of Crispus attucks as a propaganda
~Represented massachusetts for the first continetal congress

41
Q

John Adams

A

~Defended the soldiers
~Argued that it was self defense
~Boston jury agreed and claimed not guilty
~2 officers charged with accietal killing were branded on thumb “M” of murder and were released
~Helped calm people down but for a short time
~Represented massachusetts for the first continental congress

42
Q

John Hancock

A

~President of Second Continental Congress
~wealthy merchant
~funded Sons of Liberty
~Wrote his name the biggest on the Declaration of Independence (did this because he wanted the king to know he wasn’t afraid of him; basically gave Britain the middle finger)

43
Q

Sons of Liberty

A

Secret organization of American patriots including Samuel Adams who resisted the British crown through protests and sometimes violence.

44
Q

Daughters of Liberty

A

Boycotted, urged colonists to wear homemade fabrics

45
Q

Crispus Attucks

A

~Dockworker
~African/Native American
~First colonist to be killed in all of the 13 colonies

46
Q

Thomas Gage

A

~Became governor of Massachusetts during Coercive Acts
~Received orders from king to destroy all of colonial militia weapons; March from Boston to Concord

47
Q

Robert Livingston

A

~a member of the committee that drafted the Declaration of Independence

48
Q

Hessians

A

~German mercenaries that fought alongside British troops

49
Q

George Washington

A

~Represented Virginia in the first Continental Congress
~In charge of Continental Army

50
Q

Washington’s defeat

A
  1. Virginia Governor commanded George Washington to take out French Fort Duquesne
  2. Washington built for necessity
  3. Forced to surrender from incoming french and native attack
  4. Defeat marks start of Seven-year war
51
Q

William Prescott

A

~leader of the minutemen
~pinned down British soldiers stationed inside Boston during Battle of Bunker hill

52
Q

Green Mt. Boys

A

joined forces of Benedict Arnold (400 men) and Ethan Allen who took Fort Ticonderoga and the large supply of weapons

53
Q

Ethan Allen

A

leader of the Green mountain boys and captured Fort Ticonderoga

54
Q

Paul Revere

A

Rushed off to sound the alarm that “the British are coming” when Thomas Gage assigned to destroy ammunition

55
Q

William Dawes

A

Rushed off to sound the alarm that “the British are coming” when Thomas Gage assigned to destroy ammunition with Paul Revere and Samuel Prescott

56
Q

Samuel Prescott

A

~only one to reach Concord
~Rushed off to sound the alarm that “the British are coming” when Thomas Gage assigned to destroy ammunition

57
Q

Abigail Adams

A

Wife of John Adams; Wanted women to be equal to men

58
Q

John Locke

A

stated in the Declaration that all men have the right to pursue life, liberty, and the pursuit of property

59
Q

Thomas Paine

A

~Wrote Common Sense, about independence from England

60
Q

Patrick Henry

A

~Argued the legality of the Stamp Act.
~Had a famous speech called “Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death.”
~Virginia lawyer
~Another famous speech: “the distinctions between virginians, pennsylvanians, new yorkers, and englanders are no more. I am not a virginian, but an American”

61
Q

Thomas Jefferson

A

~Great writer and thinker
~main author of Declaration of Independence
~Present at 2nd Continental Congress

62
Q

Order of events before 1st Continental Congress

A
  1. French and Indian War
  2. Treaty of Paris
  3. Proclamation of 1763
  4. Sugar Act
  5. Stamp Act
  6. Stamp Act Congress
  7. Stamp Act repealed
  8. Declaratory Act
  9. Townshend Act
  10. Boston Massacre
  11. Townshend Act repealed
  12. Tea Act
  13. Boston Tea Party
  14. Coercive Acts
  15. Quebec Act
63
Q

French and Indian War

A
  1. Start:
    ~Virginia Governor commanded George Washington to take out Fort Duequesne
    ~Washington built Fort Necessity to prepare for siege
    ~forced to surrender from incoming french and native attack
    ~WASHINGTON’S DEFEAT MARKS START
  2. They both fought for the Ohio river valley since it was in control of the fur trade
  3. The Treaty of Paris ended the war
64
Q

Why did England need to pass tax laws?

A

They were in dept from French and Indian War.

65
Q

Chronological order of all English Acts

A
  1. Sugar Act
  2. Stamp Act
  3. Quartering Act
  4. Declaratory Act
  5. Townshend Acts
  6. Tea Act
  7. Coercive Act
  8. Quebec Act
66
Q

Sugar Act

A

~Taxed imported goods like sugar and molasses on colonies,
~colonists had to list all goods ships carried, the list had to be approved before leaving dock,
~act allowed officers to seize goods without going to court,
~to stop smuggling courts had no jury and people were treated guilty until proven innocent
CAUSE: first act passed specifically to raise money
EFFECT: colonist felt exploited and began to organize resistance

67
Q

Stamp Act

A

~1765 law requiring colonists to pay for a stamp or seal that would go on paper items (legal documents, newspapers, pamphlets, playing cards), if you didn’t pay you would get fined or jailed
CAUSE: 1st attempt from England to raise money by taxing colonists DIRECTLY
EFFECT: Began to protest (ex. Patrick Henry argued to House of Burgesses in Virginia the legality of the Stamp Act; “No taxation without representation”
~Repealed

68
Q

Quartering Act

A

~Required colonists to provide housing, food, and drink to British troops.
CAUSE: pay off less debt from war
EFFECT: British soldiers abuse this authority and colonists get angry

69
Q

Declaratory Act

A

~Parliament had the power to make laws for the colonies “in all cases whatsoever”
CAUSE: attempt to remind colonists that Parliament holds power
EFFECT: Colonists protested; Sons of Liberty and Daughters of Liberty created

70
Q

Townshend Acts

A

Placed taxes on imported commodities (glass, lead, paints, paper, and tea)
CAUSE: Britain needed money and wanted to express their authority
EFFECT: Colonists protested; Sons of Liberty and Daughters of Liberty were created

71
Q

Tea Act

A

Gave British East India Company total control of price of tea, governor demanded tea unloaded and taxes payed
CAUSE: Britain needs to pay off debt from war
EFFECT: Locals couldn’t compete with the prices, 3 E.I.C. ships loaded with tea in Boston port… Sons of Liberty demanded they leave. Boston Tea Party

72
Q

Coercive Acts

A

~Boston Harbpr closed until Boston paid for tea,
~governor decided when legislature could meet now,
~royal officials sent to britain for trail,
~general thomas gage became new governor of Massachusetts
CAUSE: punishment for Boston Tea Party
EFFECT: Colonists boycotted and the First Continental Congress was created

73
Q

Quebec Act

A

~Created a government for Canada and extended its territory south to Ohio River
~ignored colonies’ claim to that region
CAUSE: to display British power
EFFECT: angered colonists

74
Q

Boston Massacre Trial

A

~John Adams (Cousin of Sam) defended the soldiers.
~Argued it was self-defense.
~Boston jury agreed.
~Not guilty
~2 officers charged with accidental killing (branded on
thumb “M for murder” and released).
~showed that colonies could hold fair trials, and it calmed people down (only for a short time)

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