Chapter 3 Health Flashcards
What are the 4 most agreed on concepts to describe abnormality?
Statistical infrequency
Deviation from social norms
Failure to function adequately in the world
Deviation from ideal mental health
Describe the DSM IV
Published by American psychiatric association
Clinicians, researchers, psychologists, social workers
Describe a mental disorder in the DSM
Clinically significant behaviour, psychological syndrome or pattern associated with present distress of disability
Associated with significant increased risk of suffering pain death or loss of freedom
Must not be response to particular event
Name all the axis in the DSM
Axis 1- clinical syndrome
Axis 2- development or personality disorders
Axis 3 - physical condition
Axis 4- severity of psychosocial stressors
Axis 5- highest level of functioning
Describe the ICD
Coding of diseases and signs and symptoms, abnormal findings, social and external causes of injury or diseases
Descriptions of main features of mental health disorder
Describe the ICD-10 categories you would talk about
F00-f09 - organic including symptomatic mental disorder
F10-19- mental and behavioural disorders due to psychoactive substance use
F50-59- behavioural syndromes associated with physiological disturbances and physical factors
F80-89 disorders of psychological development
F99- unspecified mental disorders
Describe a depressive episode in ICD
Typical mild moderate and severe depressive episodes
Patient suffering from lowering of mood, reduction of energy , decrease in activity
Somatic symptoms loss of interest and pleasurable feelings
Disadvantages of categorising mental health
Ethnocentric
Homosexuality
Both based on medical model - assumes reliable and consistent way of measuring health
Individual differences - different symptoms
Doctor bias - rosenhan
No reliable diagnosis
What are the 3 expectations and obligations a person with ideal mental health has ?
Self actualisations
Autonomy
Self esteem
What’s a weakness of defining dysfunctional behaviour ?
Social and cultural norms are relative
Never consistent in diagnosing
Labelling psychological damage
Describe jahodas idea of ideal mental health
Positive view of self Capability of growth and development Autonomy Accurate perception of reality Positive friendships and relationships Environmental mastery- meet demands of day to day situations
What are the 7 criteria that rosenhan and seligman use to decide if a person is abnormal or not
Suffering Maladaptiveness Irrationality Unpredictable Vividness and conventionality Observer discomfort Violation of moral standards
Different types of diagnosis bias
Racial bias Social class gender bias
What’s the sample of ford and widiger
354 clinical psychologists chosen from 1127 national register
Clinical experience 15.6 years
260 responded
What were the 9 different types of disorders ford and widiger looked at?
HPD ASD PASSIVE AGGRESSIVE BORDERLINE PD NARCISSISTIC CYCLOTHYMIC DYSYTHMIC ADJUSTMENT ALCOHOL ABUSE
What was the method of Torgerson
Structured psychiatric interview that recorded lifetime occurrence of psychiatric symptoms
Hospital records
What disorders were examined in torgersons study?
Panic disorder Agoraphobia with and without panic Social phobia OCD GAD
What was the percentage of concordance in torgersons study ?
45%
Describe the first section of cognitive explanations of dysfunctional behaviour
Thoughts interpretations that people have about their life abilities and future
People sometimes have faulty logic
Think negatively leads to behaving in dysfunctional ways
Need to rectify illogical thinking
What’s the sample of amir, foa and Coles study ?
64 socially anxious undergraduates
Generalised social phobia
Ocd
Non patients
Method of amir foa and Coles study
Self report
State key points in 3.3.1 background (biological )
Bio treatments alter bodily processes Tranquillisers and sedatives Anti depressants Stimulants Anti psychotic Mono amine oxidase , selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors Ect Psychosurgery Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
Results in pine et als study
Standard deviation decrease of 9.7+6.9 points in symptoms of anxiety paediatric anxiety rating scale (0-25) higher more anxiety
Placebo decrease of 3.1+4.8
Fluvo group 76% responded to treatment
29% in placebo (score less than 4 in clinical global impressions improvement scale )
Cognitive therapy background key points
Psychotherapy - internal thought patterns CT - structured and problem orientated Socratic method CBT Depressogenic thought
How many patients in Clark et als study
62 meeting DSM 4 diagnosis of social phobia
