Chapter 3 Health

Question 1

What are the 4 most agreed on concepts to describe abnormality?

Answer 1

Statistical infrequency
Deviation from social norms
Failure to function adequately in the world
Deviation from ideal mental health

Question 2

Describe the DSM IV

Answer 2

Published by American psychiatric association

Clinicians, researchers, psychologists, social workers

Question 3

Describe a mental disorder in the DSM

Answer 3

Clinically significant behaviour, psychological syndrome or pattern associated with present distress of disability
Associated with significant increased risk of suffering pain death or loss of freedom
Must not be response to particular event

Question 4

Name all the axis in the DSM

Answer 4

Axis 1- clinical syndrome
Axis 2- development or personality disorders
Axis 3 - physical condition
Axis 4- severity of psychosocial stressors
Axis 5- highest level of functioning

Question 5

Describe the ICD

Answer 5

Coding of diseases and signs and symptoms, abnormal findings, social and external causes of injury or diseases
Descriptions of main features of mental health disorder

Question 6

Describe the ICD-10 categories you would talk about

Answer 6

F00-f09 - organic including symptomatic mental disorder
F10-19- mental and behavioural disorders due to psychoactive substance use
F50-59- behavioural syndromes associated with physiological disturbances and physical factors
F80-89 disorders of psychological development
F99- unspecified mental disorders

Question 7

Describe a depressive episode in ICD

Answer 7

Typical mild moderate and severe depressive episodes
Patient suffering from lowering of mood, reduction of energy , decrease in activity
Somatic symptoms loss of interest and pleasurable feelings

Question 8

Disadvantages of categorising mental health

Answer 8

Ethnocentric
Homosexuality
Both based on medical model - assumes reliable and consistent way of measuring health
Individual differences - different symptoms
Doctor bias - rosenhan
No reliable diagnosis

Question 9

What are the 3 expectations and obligations a person with ideal mental health has ?

Answer 9

Self actualisations
Autonomy
Self esteem

Question 10

What’s a weakness of defining dysfunctional behaviour ?

Answer 10

Social and cultural norms are relative
Never consistent in diagnosing
Labelling psychological damage

Question 11

Describe jahodas idea of ideal mental health

Answer 11

Positive view of self 
Capability of growth and development 
Autonomy 
Accurate perception of reality 
Positive friendships and relationships 
Environmental mastery- meet demands of day to day situations

Question 12

What are the 7 criteria that rosenhan and seligman use to decide if a person is abnormal or not

Answer 12

Suffering 
Maladaptiveness
Irrationality 
Unpredictable 
Vividness and conventionality 
Observer discomfort 
Violation of moral standards

Question 13

Different types of diagnosis bias

Answer 13

Racial bias 
Social class gender bias

Question 14

What’s the sample of ford and widiger

Answer 14

354 clinical psychologists chosen from 1127 national register
Clinical experience 15.6 years
260 responded

Question 15

What were the 9 different types of disorders ford and widiger looked at?

Answer 15

HPD
ASD
PASSIVE AGGRESSIVE 
BORDERLINE PD
NARCISSISTIC
CYCLOTHYMIC
DYSYTHMIC
ADJUSTMENT ALCOHOL ABUSE

Question 16

What was the method of Torgerson

Answer 16

Structured psychiatric interview that recorded lifetime occurrence of psychiatric symptoms
Hospital records

Question 17

What disorders were examined in torgersons study?

Answer 17

Panic disorder
Agoraphobia with and without panic
Social phobia 
OCD
GAD

Question 18

What was the percentage of concordance in torgersons study ?

Answer 18

45%

Question 19

Describe the first section of cognitive explanations of dysfunctional behaviour

Answer 19

Thoughts interpretations that people have about their life abilities and future
People sometimes have faulty logic
Think negatively leads to behaving in dysfunctional ways
Need to rectify illogical thinking

Question 20

What’s the sample of amir, foa and Coles study ?

Answer 20

64 socially anxious undergraduates
Generalised social phobia
Ocd
Non patients

Question 21

Method of amir foa and Coles study

Answer 21

Self report

Question 22

State key points in 3.3.1 background (biological )

Answer 22

Bio treatments alter bodily processes 
Tranquillisers and sedatives 
Anti depressants
Stimulants 
Anti psychotic 
Mono amine oxidase , selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors 
Ect
Psychosurgery
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

Question 23

Results in pine et als study

Answer 23

Standard deviation decrease of 9.7+6.9 points in symptoms of anxiety paediatric anxiety rating scale (0-25) higher more anxiety
Placebo decrease of 3.1+4.8
Fluvo group 76% responded to treatment
29% in placebo (score less than 4 in clinical global impressions improvement scale )

Question 24

Cognitive therapy background key points

Answer 24

Psychotherapy - internal thought patterns 
CT - structured and problem orientated
Socratic method 
CBT 
Depressogenic thought

Question 25

How many patients in Clark et als study

Answer 25

62 meeting DSM 4 diagnosis of social phobia