Chapter 1 - Turning To Crime Flashcards
What does it mean by deprivation when looking at 1.1.3
Housing and schools
How many studies did Hsieh and Pugh do a meta analysis of
36
What’s the aim of wikstrom and tafels study?
Study a range of factors and identify most significant at predicting future criminality
How many males and females committed 1 or more crimes
44.8% males and 30.6% of females
Serious crime of theft 9.8% males and 3.8% females
How much percentage of the sample was interviewed
20%
What were the protective factors
Strong family and school bonds, parental criminality,
What are lifestyle dependant offenders
Peer centred activities , socialising with delinquent peers
Describe first section of the background for criminal thinking patterns
All or nothing thinking Catastrophying : predict future negatively Disqualifying discounting the positive Emotional reasoning Labelling Magnification/minimization
What is an automatic thinking errors
Lack of empathy and trust and failure to accept obligations
Crime related thinking patterns
Optimistic fantasising about specific criminal acts, unrealistic sense of invulnerability
Criminal thinking patterns
Fear which leads them to need power and control- search for perfection, inconsistencies or fragmentation of thinking
Describe level one of pre conventional moral development
Right and wrong determined by reward and punishment
1- obedience to authority
2- pleasure seeking orientation - individual needs
Describe level 3 on kohlbergs post conventional level
Social contract orientation - living up to social expectations
Morality of individual principles - internalised principles of justice even if conflict with law
Aim of gudjohnsonn and bownes
Examine relationship between type of offence and attributions offenders make about criminal acts
What was the method of 1.2.3 crime
Self report - gudjohnsonn 42 item blame attribution inventory
Describe the sex offenders guilt mental and external attribution
- 7
- 7
- 4
What was the violent criminals mental attribution
5.3
What was the property’s guilt mental and external attribution
5.3
4
3
Desrvibe all the findings from Raines second study
Low resting heart rate most common in anti social children
Males lower resting heart rate than females - difference from age of 3
Low heart rate is hereditary
Poor relationship with parents and low resting heart rate linked to psycho-social risk factors
If females have low resting heart rate more likely to display anti social behaviour
Why did raine conduct assessments on the 41 offenders
Due to schizophrenia head injury and epilepsy
What does reduced brain activity in the corpus collosum lead to
The dysfunction is associated with predisposition to violence
What is serotonin
A neurotransmitter which has an important role in regulating anger and aggression- a feel good chemical
Lower than normal levels lead to depression
What’s causes males to commit more crime than females
Males provide and protect due to hunting which leads them to be less emotive
Females nurture and support which means they have more communication and comfort
The method of yochelson and same now
Longitudinal study over 14 years while working in mental hospital and used Freudian therapeutic interviews
Describe all 3 types of offenders in wikstrom and tafels study
Propensity induced - enduring personality to offend, small group, more serious crimes, weak family and sxhool bonds and low levels of social control
Lifestyle dependant - peer centred activities- dodgy behaviour socialising with delinquent peers
Situationally limited- dragged into crime if hanging around with wrong people- short term offenders
