Chapter 3 - Genomics, Proteomics, & Related Approaches to Physiology Flashcards
Why are icefish capable of receiving enough oxygen content given their environment?
They live in ice water which allows them to:
1) not require as much Oxygen so they have a depressed need for it and
2) they live in water that is saturated with dissolved Oxygen
Thinking back to the Icefish example, how does the evolution of myoglobin compare to the evolution of hemoglobin?
Hemoglobin evolution involved the loss of synthesizing Oxygen for ALL species of icefish.
Myoglobin evolution involved enlarged hearts that were not as red in only four lines of icefish.
Was the loss of hemoglobin in Icefish advantageous or disadvantageous to the species?
A. Advantageous, since they don’t need hemoglobin to survive.
B. Advantageous, since hemoglobin can be replenished throughout its lifetime.
C. Disadvantageous, since it decreased ability to synthesize oxygen, furthermore decreasing the fitness of the species.
D. Disadvantageous, oxygen is necessary to survive.
C.
What are antifreeze glycoproteins?
Set of fish proteins that have ability to synthesize antifreeze compounds by binding to ice crystals and prevent them from enlarging to freeze the fish.
What is a genome?
A. Healthy bacteria that live in the gut of a species.
B. Entire genetic material of a species.
C. Chromosomes in the nucleus of a species.
D. Genetic material in the mitochondrion of a species.
B.
What are the overarching goals of genomics?
- Understand the evolution of genes and genomes
2. Understand the current function of genes and genomes
Can predictions of a species be made with genomes alone?
A. Yes, genomes tell us everything about a species.
B. No, while genomes provide useful predictions about a species they do not tell us everything.
C. Yes, genomes provide enough information for us to make educated guesses about a species.
D. No, genomes are not useful, they are irrelevant and unnecessary.
B.
What are proteomics?
A. Study of the synthesis and synthesizing of proteins by cell and tissues.
B. Study of transcription and translation of DNA.
C. Study of organic compounds in cells and tissues other than macromolecules coded by the genome.
D. Study of genes being transcribed to make mRNA and the rates at which transcription is occurring.
A.
What are transcriptomics?
A. Study of the synthesis and synthesizing of proteins by cell and tissues.
B. Study of transcription and translation of DNA.
C. Study of organic compounds in cells and tissues other than macromolecules coded by the genome.
D. Study of genes being transcribed to make mRNA and the rates at which transcription is occurring.
D.
What are metabolomics?
A. Study of the synthesis and synthesizing of proteins by cell and tissues.
B. Study of transcription and translation of DNA.
C. Study of organic compounds in cells and tissues other than macromolecules coded by the genome.
D. Study of genes being transcribed to make mRNA and the rates at which transcription is occurring.
C.
What is the difference between Bottom-Up & Top-Down approaches?
A. Bottom-Up is more accurate.
B. Top-Down is more accurate.
C. There isn’t a differences they are the same thing.
D. Bottom-Up looks at molecular levels and how it affects physiological levels, while Top-Down looks at physiological levels and how it affects molecular levels.
D.
How are microarrays useful?
A. They’re not, they do not provide enough information.
B. Carries out a direct comparison of mRNAs produced by a tissue under different conditions.
C. Helps identify what genes are useful and what genes are not.
D. It is just used in the laboratory for gene comparison.
B.
