Chapter 3- Gas Laws (Energy And States Of Matter Part 1)

Question 1

Kinetic-Molecular Theory

Answer 1

A theory that explains the states of matter and is based on the idea that matter is composed of tiny particles that are always in motion

Question 2

Ideal gas

Answer 2

An imaginary gas whose behavior perfectly fits all of the assumptions of the kinetic-molecular theory

Question 3

5 basic assumptions of a gas:

Answer 3

1) Gases consist of large numbers of tiny particles that are far apart from one another
2) particles are in constant rapid motion in random directions
3) collisions between gas particles and between the particles and container walls are elastic collisions
4) aren’t any forces of attraction or repulsion between gas particles
5) average kinetic energy of particles is dependent on the temperature of the gas

Question 4

Elastic collisions

Answer 4

There is no overall loss of kinetic energy

Kinetic energy may be transferred but no amount changes

Question 5

Pressure

Answer 5

Force per unit area on a surface

Question 6

Pressure equation

Answer 6

Pressure=Force/ Area

Question 7

Gas pressure

Answer 7

Pressure that results from collisions of gas particles with an object

Question 8

Atmospheric pressure

Answer 8

Pressure exerted by the gas particles in Earth’s atmosphere as those particles collide with objects

Question 9

Barometer

Answer 9

An instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure

Question 10

Pascal (Pa)

Answer 10

Standard unit of pressure, very small, use kPa (1 kPa=1000 Pa)

Question 11

Unit of Pressure Conversion Equation

Answer 11

1 atm= 760 mmHg= 760 torr= 101.3 kPa

Question 12

Absolute zero

Answer 12

Temperature at which the motion of particles theoretically ceases

Question 13

Boyle’s Law

Answer 13

• P1v1= p2v2
• inversely proportional
• volume goes up when pressure goes down (vise versa)
• when on a graph, goes down exponentially
• the volume of a given mass of a gas varies inversely with the pressure when temperature is kept constant

Question 14

Avogadro’s Law

Answer 14

• p1/n1=p2/n2
• directly proportional
• when number of particles goes up, the pressure rises
• linear graph going up from (0,0)
• the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of gas when the temperature and pressure are held constant

Question 15

Gay-Lussac’s Law

Answer 15

• p1/t1=p2/t2
• directly proportional
• when temperature goes up so does pressure
• graph is linear, when in degrees Celsius not go through (0,0), when in Kelvin goes through (0,0)
• the pressure of a given mass of gas varies directly with absolute temperature of the gas when volume is kept constant

Question 16

Charles’ Law

Answer 16

• v1/t1=v2/t2
• directly proportional
• when temperature goes up so does volume
• graph is linear, when in Celsius y intercept not go through (0,0), when in Kelvin y intercept goes through (0,0)
• volume of a given mass of gas varies directly with absolute temperature of the gas when pressure is kept constant

Question 17

Combined Law

Answer 17

• P1v1/t1=p2v2/t2
• expresses relationship between pressure, volume, and absolute temperature of a fixed amount of gas-> only amount of gas is kept constant

Question 18

Ideal Gas Law

Answer 18

• A single equation that relates pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles for any ideal gas
• equation: PV=nRT OR PV/nT=R
  (R is the constant, plug in 0.08206 Latm/kmol when in atm)

Question 19

Properties of Gas

Answer 19

1) Diffuse(because in rapid random motion bc try to reach equilibrium)
2) Indefinite shape and volume
3) Exert pressure
4) Compressibility
5) Have mass

Question 20

Units of pressure

Answer 20

1) Pa
2) kPa
3) mmHg
4) torr
5) atm
6) psi

Question 21

Units of volume

Answer 21

1) cm3
2) m3
3) mL
4) L

Question 22

Unit of number of particles

Answer 22

Mol

Question 23

Units of temperature

Answer 23

1) K
2) Degrees C
3) Degrees F

Question 24

Compressibility

Answer 24

Measure of how much a given volume of matter decreases when placed under pressure

Question 25

4 variable to describe condition of gas:

Answer 25

1) pressure
2) volume
3) temperature
4) amount of gas

Question 26

Conversion equation for kelvin to Celsius

Answer 26

K=C+273.15

Question 27

Ideal Gas Constant

Answer 27

Variable R
when in kPa use 8.314 J/Kmol
When in atm use 0.08206 Latm/Kmol
When in mmHg use 62.36 LmmHg/K*mol

Question 28

Real Gas

Answer 28

A gas that doesn’t behave according to the assumptions of the kinetic-molecular theory

Question 29

Gases are most idea when…

Answer 29

They are at high temperature and low pressure