Chapter 3 - Exploring Diversity of Matter by its Chemical Composition Flashcards
What are Elements?
Elements are the basic building blocks of living and non-living matter.They cannot be broken down into simpler substances
What are compunds?
Compounds consists of two or more elements that are chemically combined together.
Compounds do not have the same constituents elements. The constituents elements of a compound are always chemically combined in a fined proportion by mass. A compound cannot be seperated into its constituent elements easily.
What are mixtures?
A mixture is made up of two or more elements and or compounds that are not chemically combined.
Mixtures are substances composed of two or more substances mixed together, but not chemically combined. The individual substances retain their own chemical properties, and the mixture as a whole has properties that are different from those of the individual substances.
What are the properties of mixtures?
A mixture has the same characteristic as its comstituents. The constituents of mixtures do not have a fixed proportion.They can be seperated from the mixtures easily
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The properties of mixtures depend on the properties of the individual substances that make them up, as well as on the proportion and nature of the mixture. Some of the common properties of mixtures include:
Composition: The composition of a mixture can vary, and the individual substances can be present in any proportion.
Appearance: The appearance of a mixture can range from transparent to opaque, and the color can vary depending on the substances present.
Physical state: The physical state of a mixture can be solid, liquid, or gas, depending on the physical states of the individual substances and the temperature.
Solubility: The solubility of a mixture depends on the solubility of the individual substances, and some substances may be more soluble or less soluble in the mixture than they are in pure form.
Conductivity: The conductivity of a mixture depends on the conductivity of the individual substances, and mixtures may be more or less conductive than the individual substances.
Density: The density of a mixture is influenced by the densities of the individual substances and the proportion of each substance present.
Reactivity: The reactivity of a mixture can be different from the reactivity of the individual substances, and mixtures may be more or less reactive than the individual substances.
It is important to note that the properties of mixtures can change with time, temperature, and pressure, and that the properties can be different for different mixtures of the same substances.
What is a solution?
A solution is a mixture in which one substance dissolves completely in another substance.
(the substance that dissolves is called the solute. the substance in which the solute dissolves is called the solvent)
A solution is a type of homogeneous mixture composed of a solute, which is the substance being dissolved, and a solvent, which is the substance that dissolves the solute. The solute is evenly dispersed in the solvent, and the mixture as a whole has a uniform composition.
What is soluble?
When a solute dissolves completely in a solvent.
The term “soluble” refers to the ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent. When a substance is said to be soluble in a given solvent, it means that it can be evenly dispersed in the solvent to form a homogeneous mixture.
What is insoluble?
Substances that do not dissolve in a given solvent are considered insoluble.
The term “insoluble” refers to a substance that is unable to dissolve in a solvent. When a substance is said to be insoluble in a given solvent, it means that it cannot be evenly dispersed in the solvent to form a homogeneous mixture.
Insoluble substances tend to form suspensions or settle at the bottom of the solvent, and they can be separated from the solvent by physical means, such as filtration or centrifugation.
What is solubility?
Solubility refers to how well a solute dissolves in a fixed volume of a particular solvent.
Solubility is a measure of the maximum amount of a substance that can dissolve in a solvent to form a homogeneous mixture, under specific conditions of temperature and pressure. It is expressed as the mass of solute per unit volume or mass of solvent, or as a concentration in units of moles per liter.
What is a suspension?
A suspension is a mixture than contains insoluble substances in a solvent
A suspension is a type of heterogeneous mixture composed of solid particles that are dispersed throughout a liquid or a gas. The particles in a suspension are typically larger than those in a solution and are not evenly dispersed. Instead, they tend to settle at the bottom of the container over time.
An example of a suspension is muddy water, where the solid particles of mud are suspended in the water but eventually settle to the bottom of the container.
The Periodic Table
How is understanding that chemical composition of matter applicable to our daily lives?
Understanding the chemical composition of matter is applicable to our daily lives in a number of ways:
Food and nutrition: By knowing the chemical composition of different foods, we can determine their nutritional value and make informed decisions about what to eat to maintain good health.
Medicine: A deep understanding of the chemical composition of drugs and other chemicals used in medical treatments is essential for developing safe and effective treatments for various medical conditions.
Environmental protection: By understanding the chemical composition of pollutants, we can better understand the impact they have on the environment and take steps to reduce their harm.
Consumer products: The chemical composition of consumer products, such as cosmetics and cleaning products, is important for ensuring their safety and effectiveness.
Energy production: A thorough understanding of the chemical composition of fuels and energy sources is essential for developing efficient and sustainable energy production methods.
Overall, understanding the chemical composition of matter plays a crucial role in many aspects of our daily lives, from our health and well-being to the products we use and the environment we live in.
What matter comprises elements and/or compounds that are not chemically combined?
A mixture. A mixture is a combination of two or more substances, where each substance retains its individual chemical properties and can be separated from each other without undergoing a chemical reaction. Mixtures can be either homogeneous, where the composition is uniform throughout, or heterogeneous, where the composition is not uniform and visible differences can be observed. Examples of mixtures include air, seawater, and oil and vinegar salad dressing.
How can we distinguish between elements, compounds and mixtures?
Elements, compounds, and mixtures are all forms of matter, but they differ in their composition and properties. Here’s how you can distinguish between them:
Elements: An element is a pure substance made up of only one type of atom. Elements cannot be broken down into simpler substances by physical or chemical means. Examples of elements include gold, silver, oxygen, and hydrogen.
Compounds: A compound is a pure substance made up of two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio. Compounds have unique properties that are different from those of the individual elements, and they can be broken down into their component elements only through chemical means. Examples of compounds include water (H2O), salt (NaCl), and glucose (C6H12O6).
Mixtures: A mixture is a combination of two or more substances, where each substance retains its individual chemical properties and can be separated from each other without undergoing a chemical reaction. Mixtures can be either homogeneous, where the composition is uniform throughout, or heterogeneous, where the composition is not uniform and visible differences can be observed. Examples of mixtures include air, seawater, and oil and vinegar salad dressing.
In summary, the main difference between elements, compounds, and mixtures is that elements are made up of only one type of atom, compounds are made up of two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio, and mixtures are combinations of two or more substances that are not chemically combined.
Is smoke an element, a compound or a mixture? What evidence can you show to prove your answer?
Smoke is a mixture, not an element or a compound.
An element is a pure substance made up of a single type of atom, while a compound is a pure substance made up of two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio.
Smoke, on the other hand, is a mixture of solid particles, liquid droplets, and gases. It is created when a material burns and can contain hundreds of different substances, including carbon dioxide, water vapor, carbon monoxide, and various organic compounds. The composition of smoke can vary depending on the type of material that is burning and the conditions under which the combustion occurs.
Evidence to prove this can be found by analyzing the chemical composition of smoke. A sample of smoke can be collected and analyzed using analytical techniques such as gas chromatography or mass spectrometry, which can identify the individual components of the mixture and their relative concentrations. These analyses will show that smoke is not a pure substance, but rather a complex mixture of various substances.
What is “rate of dissolving”?
The rate of dissolving refers to the speed at which a solid substance dissolves in a liquid solvent to form a homogeneous solution. It is dependent on various factors, such as:
Nature of the solute and solvent: The solubility of a solute in a solvent depends on the nature of the solute and the solvent and their interaction.
Temperature: Increased temperature generally leads to an increase in the rate of dissolving.
Surface area of the solute: The larger the surface area of the solute, the faster it dissolves. This is why powders and granules dissolve faster than larger pieces of the same substance.
Stirring or agitation: Stirring can increase the rate of dissolving by promoting the collision between the solvent and the solute, thereby increasing the transfer of solute molecules into the solvent.
Pressure: Increased pressure can increase the solubility of a gas solute in a liquid solvent, thus increasing the rate of dissolving.
Concentration of solute: If a large amount of solute is already present in the solution, it may slow down the rate of dissolving of additional solute.
