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Physics Yr 8 > Chapter 3 - Explaining Physical Changes > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - Explaining Physical Changes Flashcards

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1
Q

What are 3 main states of matter?

A

The three states of matter are Solid, Liquid and Gas.

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2
Q

What are the properties of a solid?

A

A solid has a fixed shape.
It can’t flow.
It can’t be compressed.

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3
Q

What are the properties of a liquid?

A

A liquid takes the shape of its container.
It can flow.
It can’t be compressed.

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4
Q

What are the properties of a gas?

A

It takes the shape of a container and fills it.
It can flow.
It can be compressed.

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5
Q

Why does a solid have a fixed shape?

A

They have a strong and attractive intermolecular force between them which holds them in their position. They also have a regular fixed pattern.

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6
Q

Why does the liquid take the shape of it container?

A

It takes the shape of its container because it is arranges in a random pattern allowing them to move and they have a very weak intermolecular force.

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7
Q

Why does gas take the shape of its container and fill it?

A

Gas takes the shape of the container and fill it because it has a random pattern and is spaced about as well as have a very weak intermolecular force.

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8
Q

Why can’t solids flow?

A

Solids can’t flow because they have strong intermolecular forces and a regular fixed pattern. As well as that, they are very close to each other.

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9
Q

Why can liquids flow?

A

Liquids can flow because they can move around each other.

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10
Q

Why can gases flow?

A

Gases can flow because they can move very quickly around each other and are also very spaced apart.

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11
Q

Why can’t solids be compressed?

A

Solids can’t be compressed because they have very strong intermolecular forces and are very close to each other.

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12
Q

Why can’t liquids be compressed?

A

Liquids can’t be compressed because they have strong intermolecular forces and are also very close to each other.

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13
Q

Why can gases be compressed?

A

Gases can be compressed because they have weak intermolecular forces and also are very spaced apart.

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14
Q

Malleable

A

Able to bend without breaking

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15
Q

Strength

A

The ability of a solid to withstand a force

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16
Q

Hardness

A

A measure of how easy it is to scratch a solid

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17
Q

Soluble

A

Able to dissolve (sometimes in water)

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18
Q

Conduct

A

Transfer of heat or electrical charge by passing on energy to nearby particles

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19
Q

Alloy

A

Mixture of metals

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20
Q

Hypothesis

A

An idea that explains facts or observations and is the basis for experimentation (X depends on Y)

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21
Q

Brownian motion

A

Movement of solid particles caused by collisions with liquid particles

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22
Q

Kinetic theory

A

Theory that all matter is made up of particles

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23
Q

Evidence

A

Information gathered in a scientific way which supports or contradicts a conclusion

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24
Q

Viscosity

A

The ability of liquids and gases to flow

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25
Q

Compressed

A

When particles are squashed together by force

26
Q

Solubility

A

The mass of a solute that dissolves in a solvent at a particular temperature

27
Q

Sublimation

A

When a solid turns straight into a gas without a liquid state

28
Q

Melting point

A

The temperature at which liquid changes state to a liquid

29
Q

Boiling point

A

The temperature at which liquid changes state to a gas

30
Q

Latent heat

A

The heat energy needed to change the state of a substance

31
Q

Evaporation

A

Change from a liquid to a gas at the surface of a liquid

32
Q

Boiling

A

When a liquid changes state to a gas

33
Q

Surface area

A

The area of the outside surface of an object

34
Q

Thermal expansion

A

When particles in a solid or a liquid gain enough energy to occupy more space

35
Q

Atom

A

The basic building block of an element that cannot be chemically broken down

36
Q

Element

A

A substance made up of only one type of atom

37
Q

Compound

A

Two or more elements that are chemically joined together such as water

38
Q

Particle model

A

Used to explain the kinetic theory of solids, liquids and gases

39
Q

What is viscosity?

A

Viscosity is a measurement of how resistant a fluid is to attempts to move through it. A fluid with low viscosity is said to be ‘thin’, while a high viscosity fluid is said to be ‘thick’

40
Q

Why can gases be compressed?

A

There is space between the particles for them to move into

41
Q

Why can gases flow?

A

The particles are able to move around each other.

42
Q

Why does liquid take the shape of the container they are in?

A

The particles are able to move around each other and are arranged in a random pattern.

43
Q

Why can’t liquids be compressed?

A

There is no space between the particles for them to move into.

44
Q

Why can liquids flow?

A

The particles are able to move around each other.

45
Q

Why can gases completely fill the container they’re in?

A

The particles are able to spread out and move quickly in all directions.

46
Q

What is change of state?

A

A change of state is when solid turns into gas. It’s when a state changes to another state.

47
Q

What is the difference between boiling and evaporation?

A

Boiling is when specific heat/temperature is applied whereas in evaporating, any temperature can be applied and it can take place at the surface of liquid.

48
Q

What are factors that can affect evaporation?

A 
Weather
Surface area
Positioning
Strength of intermolecular forces
Wind speed
49
Q

What is density?

A

It is the mass of material per unit volume. It takes into account how heavy something is compared with its volume (how much space it takes up)

50
Q

How do you work out density, mass and volume?

A 
Density= Mass divided by Volume
Mass= Density times Volume
Volume= Mass divided by Density
51
Q

What is concentration?

A

Concentration is the amount of substance dissolved in a solution per unit of volume.

52
Q

How do you work out concentration?

A

Concentration= Mass (g) divided by Volume (L)

53
Q

What happens to the total mass after any chemical reaction or physical change?

A

In any chemical reaction or physical change, the total mass after the reaction was exactly the same as the mass before.

54
Q

What are chemical changes?

A

Chemical changes (reactions) are usually irreversible.

55
Q

What signs would chemical changes have?

A 
They have:
Bubbles or fizzing
Gets warmer... or colder
Smells (nice or nasty)
Noises (from loud bangs to quiet fizzing)
Flames or sparks
56
Q

What are examples of physical changes?

A

Solid to liquid= melting
Liquid to solid= freezing
Liquid or gas= evaporating
Gas to liquid= condensing

57
Q

What is an emulsion?

A

An emulsion is a mixture of two liquids, (eg: oil and water), that don’t want to mix.

58
Q

What is an emulsifier?

A

An emulsifier is a molecule that makes the two liquids (that don’t want to mix) mix together.

59
Q

What is a colloid?

A

A colloid is when different states of matter are dispersed together.

60
Q

What are foams?

A

Foams are a mixture of gas bubbles trapped inside a liquid.

61
Q

What is a gel?

A

A gel is mixture of liquid particles flooding inside solid.

Physics Yr 8 (3 decks)

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