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Physics Yr 8 > Chapter 1: Getting The Energy Your Body Needs > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Getting The Energy Your Body Needs Flashcards

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1
Q

What is energy?

A

Something has energy if it has the ability to make something happen when that energy is transferred.

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2
Q

What is respiration?

A

The process of living things in which oxygen is used to release the energy in food.

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3
Q

What is glucose?

A

A simple sugar molecule

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4
Q

What is aerobic respiration?

A

Respiration that involves oxygen

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5
Q

What is reactant?

A

The starting substance in a chemical reaction

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6
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

The process by which energy from sunlight, carbon dioxide and water are used by green plants to produce glucose and oxygen.

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7
Q

What is a product?

A

A substance formed from a chemical reaction

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8
Q

What is germinating?

A

Beginning to grow into a plant from a seed

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9
Q

What is mitochondria?

A

The structure in a cell that produce energy

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10
Q

What is the membrane?

A

The layer around the cell that control substances entering and leaving the cell.

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11
Q

What are enzymes?

A

A substance that enables a chemical process in a living organism

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12
Q

What is a digestive system?

A

A group of organs that together enable the digestion of food

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13
Q

What is the breathing system?

A

Takes oxygen into the body and passes carbon dioxide out

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14
Q

What is the circulatory system?

A

The heart and blood vessels that transport essential substances around the body in blood

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15
Q

What is a phloem?

A

A tissue made up of long tubes that transport glucose essential substances around the body in blood

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16
Q

What is stomata?

A

Tiny pores on the underneath surface of a leaf through which gases can move in and out

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17
Q

What is anaerobic respiration?

A

Respiration without using oxygen

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18
Q

What is lactic acid?

A

A substance produced in anaerobic respiration which builds during exercise and causes an aching or burnin feeling in the muscles

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19
Q

What is oxygen debt?

A

The oxygen needed to break down lactic acid produced as a result of vigorous exercise and causes an aching or burning feeling in the muscles

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20
Q

What is glycogen?

A

A storage molecule formed from a chain of glucose units and often stored in the liver

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21
Q

What is fermentation?

A

Type of anaerobic respiration that produces ethanol and carbon dioxide

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22
Q

What is microbe?

A

Tiny organisms like bacteria, fungi and viruses that can only be seen by a microscope

23
Q

What is yeast?

A

A unicellular (single called) fungus

24
Q

What is brewing?

A

Cereal grains are soaked in water and fermented with yeast

25
Q

What is fossil fuel?

A

Coal, natural gas and oil that were formed from the compressed remains of plants and other organisms that died millions of years ago

26
Q

What is independent variable?

A

A variable in an experiment that affects the outcome and is changed

27
Q

What is dependent variable?

A

The variable that is measured in an investigation

28
Q

What is catalyst?

A

Substance that speeds up a chemical reaction

29
Q

What is bone?

A

Made of hard minerals like calcium on the outside and marrow inside surrounded by a spongy layer

30
Q

What is skeleton?

A

All the bones of the body

31
Q

What is calcium?

A

A hard mineral found in bone

32
Q

What is marrow?

A

A soft substance in the middle of bone which makes blood cells

33
Q

What is support?

A

When the skeleton is attached to muscles so that movement is possible

34
Q

What are blood cells?

A

White and red types are found in the blood together with plasma and platelets

35
Q

What is a joint?

A

The point where two bones meet which allows movement

36
Q

What is a cartilage?

A

Firm rubbery tissue that can cushion bones at joints

37
Q

What is a ligament?

A

Stretchy collagen fibres which link bone to bone

38
Q

What is a muscle?

A

A tissue made up of many fibres that have the ability to contract

39
Q

What is a tendon?

A

Non-elastic collagen fibres attaching muscle to bone

40
Q

What is meant by contracted?

A

When a muscle has become shorter and fatter

41
Q

What is meant by relaxed?

A

When a muscle has become longer and thinner

42
Q

What is force?

A

A push, pull or turning effect

43
Q

What is Newton (N)?

A

A unit of force

44
Q

What is electromyography (EMG)?

A

A medical test to check that muscles are working

45
Q

What is anabolic steroid?

A

A drug that increases muscle mass

46
Q

What is antagonistic muscles?

A

Pairs of muscles that act against each other

47
Q

What is bicep?

A

A muscle in the upper arm which contracts to straighten the arm

48
Q

What is tricep?

A

A muscle in the upper arm which contracts to straighten the arm

49
Q

What is a quadricep?

A

A muscle in the thigh

50
Q

What is the skeletal system?

A

The skeleton, ligaments, skeletal muscle and tendons

51
Q

What is a fracture?

A

A broken bone

52
Q

What is osteoporosis?

A

A disease where the density of bone falls leaving them fragile and prone to fracture

53
Q

What is arthritis?

A

A painful disease of the joints

Physics Yr 8 (3 decks)

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