Chapter 1: Getting The Energy Your Body Needs Flashcards
What is energy?
Something has energy if it has the ability to make something happen when that energy is transferred.
What is respiration?
The process of living things in which oxygen is used to release the energy in food.
What is glucose?
A simple sugar molecule
What is aerobic respiration?
Respiration that involves oxygen
What is reactant?
The starting substance in a chemical reaction
What is photosynthesis?
The process by which energy from sunlight, carbon dioxide and water are used by green plants to produce glucose and oxygen.
What is a product?
A substance formed from a chemical reaction
What is germinating?
Beginning to grow into a plant from a seed
What is mitochondria?
The structure in a cell that produce energy
What is the membrane?
The layer around the cell that control substances entering and leaving the cell.
What are enzymes?
A substance that enables a chemical process in a living organism
What is a digestive system?
A group of organs that together enable the digestion of food
What is the breathing system?
Takes oxygen into the body and passes carbon dioxide out
What is the circulatory system?
The heart and blood vessels that transport essential substances around the body in blood
What is a phloem?
A tissue made up of long tubes that transport glucose essential substances around the body in blood
What is stomata?
Tiny pores on the underneath surface of a leaf through which gases can move in and out
What is anaerobic respiration?
Respiration without using oxygen
What is lactic acid?
A substance produced in anaerobic respiration which builds during exercise and causes an aching or burnin feeling in the muscles
What is oxygen debt?
The oxygen needed to break down lactic acid produced as a result of vigorous exercise and causes an aching or burning feeling in the muscles
What is glycogen?
A storage molecule formed from a chain of glucose units and often stored in the liver
What is fermentation?
Type of anaerobic respiration that produces ethanol and carbon dioxide
What is microbe?
Tiny organisms like bacteria, fungi and viruses that can only be seen by a microscope
What is yeast?
A unicellular (single called) fungus
What is brewing?
Cereal grains are soaked in water and fermented with yeast
What is fossil fuel?
Coal, natural gas and oil that were formed from the compressed remains of plants and other organisms that died millions of years ago
What is independent variable?
A variable in an experiment that affects the outcome and is changed
What is dependent variable?
The variable that is measured in an investigation
What is catalyst?
Substance that speeds up a chemical reaction
What is bone?
Made of hard minerals like calcium on the outside and marrow inside surrounded by a spongy layer
What is skeleton?
All the bones of the body
What is calcium?
A hard mineral found in bone
What is marrow?
A soft substance in the middle of bone which makes blood cells
What is support?
When the skeleton is attached to muscles so that movement is possible
What are blood cells?
White and red types are found in the blood together with plasma and platelets
What is a joint?
The point where two bones meet which allows movement
What is a cartilage?
Firm rubbery tissue that can cushion bones at joints
What is a ligament?
Stretchy collagen fibres which link bone to bone
What is a muscle?
A tissue made up of many fibres that have the ability to contract
What is a tendon?
Non-elastic collagen fibres attaching muscle to bone
What is meant by contracted?
When a muscle has become shorter and fatter
What is meant by relaxed?
When a muscle has become longer and thinner
What is force?
A push, pull or turning effect
What is Newton (N)?
A unit of force
What is electromyography (EMG)?
A medical test to check that muscles are working
What is anabolic steroid?
A drug that increases muscle mass
What is antagonistic muscles?
Pairs of muscles that act against each other
What is bicep?
A muscle in the upper arm which contracts to straighten the arm
What is tricep?
A muscle in the upper arm which contracts to straighten the arm
What is a quadricep?
A muscle in the thigh
What is the skeletal system?
The skeleton, ligaments, skeletal muscle and tendons
What is a fracture?
A broken bone
What is osteoporosis?
A disease where the density of bone falls leaving them fragile and prone to fracture
What is arthritis?
A painful disease of the joints
