Chapter 3 - Exam 1

Question 1

What are the different bacterial shapes?

Answer 1

Coccus (sphere), Coccusbacillus (oval), Bacillus (rods), Vibrio (curved rods), Spirillium (stiff spiral), Spirochete (fleixible spiral), and Pleomorphic (any shape).

Question 2

What are the different arrangments?

Answer 2

Diplo- means two cells next to eachother
Staphy- means a cluster of cells
Strepto- means a line of cells
Sarcina- means a cube of cells
Tetrad- means a square of cells

Question 3

What is the smallest bacterial size?

Answer 3

0.3 micrometers. Mycoplasma is an example of this. It does not have a cell wall. Staphylococcus aureus is also considered a microbacteria.

Question 4

Why are shapes important?

Answer 4

Different shapes allow for more efficiency at exchanging nutrients and waste with the environment. Rods are more efficient than cocci.

Question 5

Is it better to be a smaller or larger cell?

Answer 5

Smaller cells are more efficient than larger cells.
Surface Area/Volume = 3/Radius

Question 6

What is the Cell Envelope?

Answer 6

The cellular membrane and all layers above it.

Question 7

What is the typical order of envelope layers?

Answer 7

From intracellular to extracellular.
Cellular membrane, Peptidoglycan, Outermembrane, S layer, and Capsule/Slime layer. Not every cell will have all these components.

Question 8

What components does the cell wall of a Gram Positive microorganism have?

Answer 8

Cell membrane, and a THICK peptidoglycan layer.

Question 9

What components does the cell wall of the Gram Negative microorganism have?

Answer 9

Cell membrane, thin peptidoglycan layer, and outer membrane (LPS).

Question 10

What bacterial cytoskeleton molecule is responsible for maintaining the curve shape?

Answer 10

CreS
It is homologous to intermediate filament in eukaryotes.