Chapter 3 Environmental Factors Flashcards
What are the direct and indirect impact of business on ecosystem ?
Direct: toxic materials are released, land is converted to production activities, local species are disturbed by activities
Indirect: impact caused in supply chain. If i sell books - production will impact environment.
Can we have positive impact on biodirversity
Yes, we can - positive impact create contribution to biodiversity
Which sectors mostly rely on natural resources
Agro, extravities, infrastructure, forestry, pharma, tourism. utilities
Do companies need to measure impact from direct operations
Yes, they do, both positive and negative
Which model can be used by companies to assess and manage their operations and resource management
Circular economy
What is Environmental Reporting Guidance ?
In UK the guidance for business to measure and report environmental impact.
What is Double materiality
In EU guidance to report both impact of climate change of company and vice versa. Important - that entitre value chain should be considered
What was the case of Brazilian iron ore producer Vale ?
It had two dam disasters (in 2019 250 died) and in 2015 . Downgraded rating, share sell off. Investors initiated new measures.
What is the challenge of bringing down emission to net zero by 2050?
In energy: Growing demand of materials and low adoption of green enegy. In food - need to change consumption habits of people and decarbonising long supply chain
What is the difference between GHG emissions from direct operations and from supply chain
5x times more in supply chain
What are the challenges of forest linked commodities?
1 th investments linked to deforestation and related production beef palm oil, soy, timber. Governments impose fines on companies if in their supply chain there is illegal deforestation. Asset managers also trying to avoid this.
What is Scope 3 ?
Emissions outside company gate (suppliers and consumers)
Scope 1, Scope 2
Scope 1 - direct emissions from production, Scope 2 emissions from purchased energy
What investor should focus on measuring portfolio companies policies ?
- Clearly explains how compnay’s supplyers adress environmental issues (through procurement)
- Be able to access environmental risks
What are tools to measure sustainable issues in supply chain ?
A lot of not for profit organisations offer measurement frameworks
Sustainable Consortcium - indicators for consumer products
WWF - indicators for production of commodities
SASB (Sustainability Accounting Standards Board)
EU Taxonomy - sector specific metricks
And any other
There are also joint intiatives in complex industries: for example Forest Stewardship, Marine Stewardship
How many climate laws in the world
in 2021 LSE counted 2092 climate laws and policies across the globe
What is Kyoto protocole ?
Orginised in 2005, extended to 2020. After Paris Agreement came in place.
Set targets for GHG emission for developed nations
What is the main longt term goal of Paris Agreement ?
Keep averege global tempreture below 2 C and increase below 1.5. While it is not legally binding it serves is significant agreement.
How emissions are regulated in Paris Agreement ?
It is not top down, every nations report Netaionally determined contributions and update commitments every 5 years . We are well behind the targets