Chapter 3 Engines Flashcards
As a non-turbocharged airplane climbs, you’ll notice the manifold pressure gauge shows ___ even though the throttle is fulled opened
a decrease
Most engine manufacturers recommend leaning the mixture whenever you’re operating at or below ___ of the engine’s maximum power output.
75%
A mixture that is too rich causes engine ___
roughness
Under normal conditions ( assuming a non-turbocharged engine), the engine’s manifold pressure can’t rise above ___ pressure
atmospheric
High cylinder head temperatures also lead to something known as …
Detonation
The biggest danger with an excessively lean mixture is that it ___
burns hot
What type fuel can be substituted for an aircraft if the recommended octane is not available?
The next higher octane aviation gas
The ___ jet is that portion of the carburetor that allows the engine to run when the throttle is pulled full aft.
Idling
With an increase in altitude the air becomes t hinder and doesn’t ___ as much for a given volume.
Weigh
with an increase in altitude the air becomes thinner and doesn’t ___ as much for a given volume
Weigh
On an airplane with a constant speed propeller, the ___ tells you how fast the propeller spins (its RPM), and the manifold pressure gauge gives you an approximate measure of engine ___
tachometer, power
Be aware that the propeller governor starts working only when the engine is operating above a specific ___ and not below
RPM
When is it possible to have an air filter freeze over while nowhere near a cloud?
If the air is moist and temps are low, water can accumulate and the air filter’s membrane can freeze.
Most engine manufacturers recommend leaning the mixture whenever you’re operating at or below ___ of the engine’s maximum power output (check your POH to be sure)
75%
Which condition is most favorable for the development of carb icing?
Temps between 20 degrees F and 70 degrees F and High humidity
Why have a propeller that can change its pitch in flight in the first place?
Airplanes with controllable pitch propellers can select the optimum angle of attack for climb and cruise.
Is it permissible to operate the engine on one magneto?
yes. If one magneto goes bad, it’s permissible to switch to a single magneto
The uncontrolled firing of the fuel/air charge in advance of normal spark ignition is known as …
preignition
As you move up into higher performance airplanes you encounter constant speed (controllable pitch) propellers. Airplanes with these propellers usually have both a ___ and a/an ___ control, so you manage engine power and propeller RPM separately.
throttle, propeller
What’s particularly interesting about magnetos is that they are self-contained spark generators and require no outside source of electrical energy to work other than the ___ motion of the airplane engine.
Turning
Your carburetor is a fine ice maker. Because of the considerable drop in temp caused by the atomization and evaporation of fuel, any ___ present can and will freeze.
Moisture
In an airplane with a fixed pitch prop, one lever, the ___ controls both power and propeller blade RPM.
Throttle
You can’t get carb ice in a fuel injection system for one very important reason: there is ___
no carburetor associated with this system
Controllable pitch propellers on GA airplanes are of the constant speed variety. Once the RPM is established, changes in manifold pressure (by moving the throttle) ___ affect engine speed.
won’t
Magnetos contain spinnable magnets, housed in metal cases. When the internal magnets are spun, they generate electricity for the ___ ___.
Spark Plugs
Impact ice occurs when ___ ___ is present and. The tide air temp (OAT) is at or below freezing
Visible moisture
If a pilot suspects that an airplane engine with a fixed-pitch propeller is detonating during climbout after takeoff, the initial corrective action to take would be to …
lower the nose slightly to increase airspeed
When you want to increase both the manifold pressure and RPM, change the ___ first, then increase the ___.
RPM, manifold pressure
Airplane carburetors located underneath the engine are called ___ type carburetors because air and fuel must be drawn upward toward each cylinder.
Updraft
If your air filter ever becomes clogged by impact ice, you have a remedy at hand. It’s called the ___ control.
Carb heat
Most modern airplane engines are ___ cooled. Water cooling may be more efficient, but it would mean carrying considerably more ___
Air, weight
Exhaust gases sometimes have an afterlife. They can be put to use spinning a ___ or indirectly heating the ___ or cabin.
Turbocharger, carburetor
An excessively rich mixture contributes to ___,___,___and ___.
A rough running engine, high fuel consumption, less range, smaller fuel reserves
The biggest danger with an excessively lean mixture is that it …
Burns hot
Filling the fuel tanks after the last flight of the day is considered a good operating procedure because this will…
prevent moisture condensation by eliminating airspace in the tanks
What is a complex aircraft?
Adjustable pitch propeller, retractable landing gear, and flaps.
For best power (most usable power per unit of air), enrich the mixture until the temperature ___. (check your POH to ensure the proper procedure for your aircraft.)
Decreases 125°F from peak EGT
A carburetor air temp gauge allows you to identify the ___ temp range where carburetor ice is most likely to occur.
Critical
Preignition causes peak pressures within the cylinder to occur before the beginning of the ___ cycle.
power
While leaning with reference to the tachometer, the RPM peaks. This means that you are at the fuel-air ratio that produces maximum ___ for a given air density and throttle setting.
Power
The presence of carb ice in an aircraft equipped with a fixed pitch propeller can be verified by applying car heat and noting…
a further decrease in RPM and then a gradual increase in RPM
Keeping the ___ flaps closed helps maintain engine temps during the descent.
Cowl
While the piston is in its downward journey, the ___ valve opens, and a mixture of fuel and air rushes in.
Intake
Horizontally opposed cylinder arrangements pack a lot of engine into a ___ amount of space. Less space used by the engine means less overall ___.
Small, Drag
The primer usually squirts fuel in the ___ portions of the induction system, ___ the carburetor completely.
Upper, bypassing
During the run-up at a high elevation airport, a pilot notes a slight engine roughness that is not affected by the magneto check but grows worse during the carburetor heat check. Under these circumstances, what would be the most logical initial action?
Check the results obtained with a leaner setting of the mixture.
Movement of the propeller control changes the propeller’s…
pitch
Wile cruising at 9,500 feet MSL the fuel/air mixture is properly adjusted. What will occur if a descent to 4,500 feet MSL is made without readjusting the mixture?
The fuel/air intrude may become excessively lean.
Fuel injection is a process in which fuel is directly ___ and ___ to each cylinder without the use of a carburetor.
metered, distributed
your carburetor is a fine ice maker. because of the considerable drop in temp caused by the atomization and evaporation of fuel, any ___ present can and will freeze
moisture
Mechanics (and flight instructors) sometimes recommend doing a P-lead security check just before shutting down. With the engine idling, quickly turn the mag switch from ___ to off, then immediately back to ___ again.
both, both
The basic purpose of adjusting the fuel/air mixture at altitude is to…
decrease the fuel flow in order to compensate for decreased air density.
Generally speaking, the use of carb heat tends to …
Decrease engine performance
Airplanes with fixed pitch propellers (propellers having one pitch that can’t be changed in flight) and float-type carburetors can be leaned by reference to the ___
Tachometer
If the grade of fuel used ina n aircraft engine is lower than specified for the engine, it will most likely cause…
detonation
On an airplane with a constant speed propeller, the ___ determines engine power while the ___ determines how efficiently that power is used
throttle, propeller’s pitch
Keep in mind that engine cooling is least effective at ___ power settings and ___ airspeeds, where a limited amount of air enters the engine cowling.
high, low
As the fuel pump sucks from the tank, air must replace the departing fuel or a ___ forms
Vacuum
Want is one procedure to aid in cooling an engine that is overheating?
Enrich the fuel mixture
What should be the first action after starting an aircraft engine?
Adjust for proper RPM and check for desired indications on the engine gauges
In order to avoid shock-cooling a high performance engine during a cruise descent, make small power changes. A good rule of thumb is to make no more than a ___ RPM per minute reduction in engine speed on small engines and no more than ___ of manifold pressure per minute on high performance airplanes. Always leave enough power on so as not to cool the cylinder head temps below allowable limits.
100, 1 inch
On aircraft equipped with fuel pumps, the practice of running a fuel tank dry before switching tanks is considered unwise because…
the engine-driven fuel pump or electric fuel boost pump may draw air into the fuel system and cause vapor lock.
If the engine oil temp and cylinder head temp gauges have exceeded their normal operating range, the pilot may have been operating with…
too much power and the with the mixture set too lean
Throttle ice forms on the ___ side of the throttle valve.It is more likely to occur when the throttle is in a ___ position.
rear, partially closed
A fouled spark plus in flight can sometimes be detected by ___
an increase in EGT
